Uterine Cancer, also known as endometrial cancer, is a type of cancer that originates in the lining of the uterus, called the endometrium. It is the most common type of cancer that affects the female reproductive system. Here’s an overview of key information about uterine cancer:

Causes and Risk Factors:

• The exact cause of uterine cancer is not fully understood, but certain risk factors can increase the likelihood of its development.
• Increased levels of estrogen, a hormone that stimulates the growth of the uterine lining, can raise the risk.
• Risk factors include obesity, early menstruation, late menopause, hormone therapy without progesterone, diabetes, and a family history of uterine, ovarian, or colon cancer.

Symptoms:

• Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as bleeding between periods or after menopause, is a common symptom.
• Pelvic pain or discomfort, pain during intercourse, and changes in bowel or urinary habits may also occur.

Diagnosis:

• Diagnosis often starts with a physical examination, including a pelvic exam.
• Imaging tests like ultrasounds, CT scans, or MRI may be used to assess the extent of the cancer.
• A biopsy, where a small tissue sample is taken from the uterus, is necessary to confirm the diagnosis and determine the cancer’s type and grade.

Types of Uterine Cancer:

• The most common type is endometrioid adenocarcinoma, which develops from the cells in the lining of the uterus.
• There are also other, less common types, such as uterine sarcoma, which originates in the muscle or other tissues of the uterus.

Stages:

• Uterine cancer is staged from I to IV based on the extent of its spread.
• Stage I indicates the cancer is confined to the uterus, while Stage IV indicates the cancer has spread to distant organs.

Treatment:

• Treatment depends on the stage and type of cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health.
• Surgery is a common approach and may involve removing the uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries, and nearby lymph nodes.
• Radiation therapy uses high-energy rays to target and kill cancer cells.
• Chemotherapy, hormone therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy are also used based on the cancer’s characteristics.

Prognosis:

• Early-stage uterine cancer often has a good prognosis, with a high chance of cure.
• The prognosis varies based on the stage at diagnosis, type of cancer, and how well it responds to treatment.

Prevention:

• Maintaining a healthy weight, staying physically active, and managing hormone levels can help reduce the risk.
• Regular gynecological check-ups and addressing any abnormal symptoms promptly are essential.

Uterine cancer, like any cancer, is best managed with early detection and comprehensive treatment. Women should be proactive in understanding their risk factors, recognizing symptoms, and seeking medical attention if any concerns arise.