Phil Knight, the founder of Nike, controls the company via a personal stake of shares for 7% ownership, plus the shares held via the family’s owned Swoosh, LLC, in addition to the shar… Read More

Sergey Brin co-founded Google (now Alphabet) together with Larry Page. He controls the company tightly via a dual share ownership structure (made of Class A and B stocks). Alphabet is worth… Read More

Evan Thomas Spiegel is Snapchat’s co-founder, CEO, and main shareholder. He owns and controls Snapchat, and his stake in the company is currently valued at over $3 billion. Category… Read More

Sundar Pichai might be worth more than 500 million dollars. Indeed, the CEO of Google, Sundar Pichai, received a base salary of 2 million dollars in 2022. In addition, between 2019 and 2022… Read More

Howard Schultz’s net worth is over $2.2 billion. Indeed, he is the founder of Starbucks and a major institutional shareholder, with 1.88% ownership of the company, valued at over $2.2… Read More

CompanyDesign Thinking ApproachUser-Centered DesignOutcomeNetflixEnhancing user experience and content recommendations.Collects vast amounts of user data to personalize content recommendatio… Read More

CompanyRevenue ModelStrategyOutcomeHuluSubscription ModelOffers ad-supported and ad-free subscription plans for streaming TV shows and movies.Gained a large subscriber base, providing steady… Read More

Mercedes’ business model focuses on delivering luxurious and high-performance vehicles with innovative features and a strong emphasis on safety and reliability. They generate revenue t… Read More

Salesforce follows a SaaS business model, offering four main categories of cloud CRM (Customer Relationship Management) services spanning the sales cloud to the marketing cloud. Where subscr… Read More

Adobe’s business model revolves around providing a Creative Software Suite, Cloud Services, and Digital Marketing Solutions. They develop innovative software tools for creative profess… Read More

Gucci is one of the most renowned luxury fashion brands with a business model centered around offering exclusive and innovative fashion products. Their value proposition lies in providing lu… Read More

Adidas excels in the sportswear industry by offering innovative and high-performance products. With a focus on style, they combine fashion trends with sports functionality. Operating through… Read More

Skechers’ business model revolves around offering comfortable and stylish footwear to a wide consumer base. They achieve this through efficient supply chain management, a strong retail… Read More

IKEA’s business model centers around offering affordable and functional furniture to a wide range of customers. With a comprehensive product range, DIY assembly, and efficient operatio… Read More

Twitter makes money in two ways: advertising and data licensing. In 2021, Twitter generated $4.5 billion from advertising and $570 million from data licensing. While Twitter generated $5 bil… Read More

The DeepMind business model revolves around conducting advanced AI research and developing innovative algorithms. They collaborate with academic institutions and industry partners, offering… Read More

Jasper AI’s business model focuses on developing advanced NLP and conversational AI technologies. They prioritize user-centric product development, efficient distribution, and revenue… Read More

Eightfold AI is a talent intelligence platform that uses AI and machine learning to optimize talent management. It offers features like talent acquisition, career development, and employee r… Read More

Perplexity AI is an AI-powered search engine and chatbot that uses a large language model to generate natural language text. It balances accuracy and creativity, providing reliable informati… Read More

Descript is a transcription and audio editing software that offers simplified editing, collaborative features, and AI-powered transcription and captioning. It is distributed through desktop… Read More

Replit operates as an online coding platform, providing a cloud-based IDE for developers. It emphasizes code sharing, collaboration, and learning resources. The platform supports multiple pr… Read More

Play.ht is an AI-powered platform that offers text-to-speech technology and voice-over solutions. Their foundational layer includes advanced algorithms for natural-sounding voice generation… Read More

The Hugging Face Business Model focuses on AI-powered language models and NLP technologies. It involves data collection, model training, and a marketplace for sharing pre-trained models. NLP… Read More

Midjourney is an AI image generator that prioritizes painterly aesthetics, empowering users to generate beautiful images through text prompts. It operates on a subscription basis, with free… Read More

Synthesia’s business model leverages AI technology in its foundational layer, enabling automatic video synthesis, realistic AI-generated avatars, and data-driven video creation. The va… Read More

Google has an organizational culture built around the pillars of innovation and a superior employee experience. Understanding Google’s organizational culture Google’s super… Read More

Amazon’s organizational culture is characterized by four key ingredients: pride in operational excellence, an obsession with customers, long-term thinking, and an eagerness to invent… Read More

Organizational innovation refers to the process of introducing new and creative ideas, methods, practices, products, or services within an organization. It goes beyond product innovation and… Read More

Organizational agility is the ability of an organization to adapt and respond effectively to change, uncertainty, and disruption. It goes beyond merely reacting to external forces; it involv… Read More

Bid pricing involves evaluating competitors, project scope, market conditions, and bidder’s capacity to determine the most effective pricing strategy. Strategies like lowest responsive… Read More

By-product pricing involves setting prices for secondary products generated during manufacturing processes. It aims to recover production costs and generate additional revenue through the sa… Read More

Two-part pricing involves charging customers both a fixed fee and a variable fee based on usage. It allows businesses to achieve revenue stability, offer flexibility to customers, and maximi… Read More

Dual pricing involves segmenting customers and offering personalized pricing based on their preferences and behavior. It allows businesses to optimize revenue, enhance customer satisfaction… Read More

Negotiated pricing involves customizing pricing agreements for individual customers, offering flexibility and personalization. It finds application in B2B sales, real estate, and enterprise… Read More

Snowflake is a cloud-based platform whose vision is to enable organizations to have seamless access to explore, share, and unlock data value. With the mission to break down data silos. The c… Read More

BeReal’s business model revolves around providing an authentic and clutter-free social media experience. Users can view their friends’ daily posts without ads or distractions. Be… Read More

An organizational structure allows companies to shape their business model according to several criteria (like products, segments, geography, and so on) that would enable information to… Read More

DuckDuckGo makes money in two simple ways: Advertising and Affiliate Marketing. Advertising is shown based on the keywords typed into the search box. Affiliate revenues c… Read More

Wabi-sabi is a traditional Japanese aesthetic that finds beauty in imperfection, impermanence, and the natural cycle of growth and decay. It encourages an appreciation for the simple, the hu… Read More

Shinrin-yoku, or “forest bathing,” is a therapeutic practice that involves spending time in a forest environment to enhance physical, mental, and emotional health. The term was c… Read More

Shoshin, or “beginner’s mind,” is a Zen Buddhist concept that encourages approaching life and learning with an open, receptive attitude, free from preconceptions and biases… Read More

Hartley’s Law, attributed to Ralph Hartley, a pioneer in information theory, states: “The amount of information transmitted is proportional to the logarithm of the number of poss… Read More

Wirth’s Law, formulated by Swiss computer scientist Niklaus Wirth, states: “Software is getting slower more rapidly than hardware is getting faster.” This principle undersc… Read More

The Law of Triviality, introduced by British historian and author C. Northcote Parkinson in his 1957 book “Parkinson’s Law: The Pursuit of Progress,” posits that people wit… Read More

Brooks’ Law, formulated by Fred Brooks in his 1975 book “The Mythical Man-Month,” states: “Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later.” This prin… Read More

Cheops’ Law is a principle named after the Egyptian Pharaoh Cheops, who is believed to have overseen the construction of the Great Pyramid of Giza. The law humorously highlights the in… Read More

Putt’s Law, formulated by Archibald Putt, states: “Technology is dominated by two types of people: those who understand what they do not manage, and those who manage what they do… Read More

Sturgeon’s Law, attributed to science fiction author Theodore Sturgeon, asserts that the majority of everything in any domain is of low quality. This principle is a commentary on the o… Read More

The Law of Variation recognizes that variability is a natural and inevitable part of all processes, systems, and populations. In statistics, it refers to the dispersion of data points around… Read More

The Law of Excluded Middle, also known as the principle of bivalence, states that for any proposition PPP, either PPP is true or ¬P\neg P¬P (not PPP) is true. This principle is a cor… Read More

Finagle’s Law, similar to Murphy’s Law, emphasizes the inevitability of errors or misfortunes occurring at the most inconvenient times. It is a reminder of the unpredictability a… Read More

Dollo’s Law, formulated by Belgian paleontologist Louis Dollo in the late 19th century, posits that an organism cannot return, even partially, to a previous evolutionary stage once it… Read More

The Unspeakable Law highlights the idea that mentioning a situation or outcome can influence its occurrence, particularly in a negative direction. It is often linked to superstitions and psy… Read More

Falkland’s Law, attributed to William Falkland, suggests that unnecessary decisions should be avoided. It emphasizes patience and restraint in decision-making, advocating for deferring… Read More

Wilson’s Law, also known as the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) model, was developed by Ford W. Harris in 1913 and later popularized by R.H. Wilson. It is a formula used to determine the… Read More

Gilbert’s Law posits that as a system becomes more heavily used, the likelihood of its failure increases. This principle is particularly relevant in contexts where systems—whethe… Read More

Kidlin’s Law, although not as widely recognized as Pareto’s Principle (the 80/20 rule), echoes a similar sentiment. It emphasizes the disproportionate impact a small group of loy… Read More

The Dodd-Frank Act, enacted in 2010 in response to the financial crisis, overhauled financial regulation in the U.S. Key provisions include the Volcker Rule and derivatives regulation. It ai… Read More

Dark Pools are private trading platforms allowing institutional investors to execute large trades anonymously. They offer reduced price impact and lower transaction costs but face concerns a… Read More

The Relational Dialectics Theory explores tensions in relationships, recognizing their dynamic nature and the role of communication patterns. It guides effective communication to navigate te… Read More

The Uses and Gratifications Theory is a communication theory that examines why individuals actively engage with media and what benefits they seek. It highlights characteristics such as audie… Read More

Gemba Kaizen is a Lean methodology that involves frontline workers in continuous improvement at the workplace level. It aims to optimize processes by identifying issues, generating ideas, an… Read More

A board of directors is a critical component of corporate governance, responsible for overseeing and guiding the strategic direction and management of a company. It plays a pivotal role in e… Read More

Effective communication is the cornerstone of any successful interaction, and email is no exception. Email etiquette, also known as netiquette, refers to the accepted norms and rules governi… Read More

Culture transformation, often referred to as organizational culture change, is the deliberate and systematic shift in an organization’s shared beliefs, values, norms, and behaviors. It… Read More

Change champions, also known as change agents or change advocates, are individuals within an organization who actively support, promote, and drive change initiatives. They are passionate abo… Read More

Stakeholder engagement is the process of involving individuals, groups, or entities that are affected by or can affect an organization’s actions, decisions, or policies. These stakehol… Read More

Corporate governance codes are sets of guidelines, principles, and best practices that provide a framework for companies to operate in a manner that aligns with good governance principles. T… Read More

Dual-class share structures, also known as multiple-class share structures, are arrangements in which a company issues different classes of shares, each with varying voting rights. Typically… Read More

Friendly takeovers involve mutual agreement and cooperation between acquiring and target companies, reducing resistance and enabling smoother transitions. The process includes negotiation an… Read More

DevOps automation refers to the use of automated tools, processes, and practices to facilitate and optimize the software development and operations lifecycle. It aims to automate repetiti… Read More

The 5S framework consists of five Japanese words, each starting with the letter “S,” representing a step in the process: Seiri (Sort): Sorting involves separating necessary it… Read More

The Four Lenses of Innovation is a framework developed by Rowan Gibson, a recognized innovation thought leader. It comprises four distinct lenses or perspectives through which innovation… Read More

Framing Theory explores how media shapes perception by emphasizing specific aspects of issues. It influences public opinion and can lead to media bias. While it offers persuasive power and c… Read More

Present bias is a cognitive bias in which individuals tend to give disproportionate weight to immediate rewards or payoffs over future ones, even when the long-term benefits of delaying grat… Read More

The Principal-Agent Problem (PAP) represents conflicts between those delegating tasks (principals) and those performing them (agents). PAP is found in corporate governance, healthcare, and g… Read More

Short selling is a financial strategy where investors sell borrowed assets, expecting their prices to fall. This practice involves selling high and buying low, with the aim of profiting from… Read More

Dollar-Cost Averaging (DCA) is an investment strategy characterized by regular, fixed-amount contributions regardless of market conditions. DCA reduces risk through systematic investing but… Read More

The Taylor Rule, developed by economist John Taylor, guides central banks in setting interest rates based on economic conditions. It considers components like inflation rate and output gap… Read More

In summary, Fill or Kill (FOK) orders are a valuable tool in the world of financial trading. They offer immediate and complete execution at specified prices, making them ideal for traders wh… Read More

Unlevered Beta, often referred to as Asset Beta, is a fundamental concept in finance that plays a crucial role in evaluating investment opportunities and understanding the risk associated wi… Read More

Neurodesign merges neuroscience and design to create impactful environments. It encompasses empathy-driven design, neuroaesthetics, and user-centered approaches. By enhancing user experience… Read More

Spatial Design orchestrates elements for functional and appealing environments, integrating aesthetics, functionality, and user experience. Characteristics encompass layout, proportion, bala… Read More

A user acquisition strategy is a planned approach to attracting and converting new users or customers to a business’s products or services. This strategy involves identifying target au… Read More

Industry 4.0 refers to the use of advanced technologies, such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), big data analytics, and cyber-physical systems, to create highly… Read More

An API strategy is a deliberate plan to develop, deploy, and manage APIs within an organization. It aligns API development with business goals, ensuring that APIs enhance interoperability, i… Read More

Strategic fit refers to the degree to which an organization’s strategies are aligned with its internal resources, capabilities, and the external environment. It ensures that all aspect… Read More

Strategic Human Resource Management (Strategic HRM) aligns the management of human resources with the strategic objectives of the organization. This approach integrates HR practices and poli… Read More

The OLI Paradigm stands for Ownership, Location, and Internalization. It provides a holistic framework for understanding why firms choose to expand internationally through FDI rather than ot… Read More

Developed by Raymond E. Miles and Charles C. Snow in 1978, the Miles and Snow Typology identifies four strategic types: Prospectors, Defenders, Analyzers, and Reactors. Each type represents… Read More

The Profit Impact of Market Strategy (PIMS) is a framework developed by the Strategic Planning Institute in the 1960s. It provides insights into how various market strategies and business pr… Read More

Market Segmentation Analysis is a strategic process dividing markets based on criteria such as demographics and behavior. Characteristics include being customer-centric and data-driven. Bene… Read More

Competitive Landscape Analysis is a data-driven process that involves researching competitors, market trends, and customer behavior. It enables informed decision-making, risk mitigation, and… Read More

Risk mitigation involves proactively identifying and managing risks to minimize their impact on an organization. Key characteristics include a proactive approach and ongoing monitoring. Stra… Read More

eSourcing, or electronic sourcing, refers to the use of web-based tools and platforms to conduct procurement activities, including supplier identification, solicitation of bids, and negotiat… Read More

Backsourcing refers to the process of reclaiming business functions or services that were previously outsourced to external vendors and reintegrating them within the company’s internal… Read More

Homeshoring refers to the practice of relocating jobs or business operations to employees’ homes within the same country, as opposed to offshoring, where jobs are moved to a different… Read More

Emotional reasoning is a cognitive distortion or cognitive bias in which individuals make judgments, decisions, or draw conclusions based on their emotions and feelings rather than on object… Read More

False Memory refers to the phenomenon of recalling events that never happened or misremembering details due to suggestibility or source misattribution. It influences eyewitness testimonies a… Read More

The Misinformation Effect involves individuals altering their memory and perceptions when exposed to misleading information. Characteristics include memory alteration, suggestibility, inaccu… Read More