Hyper Text Markup Language-HTML
Introduction
What is HTML?
HTML is a language for describing web pages.
- HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
- HTML is a markup language
- A markup language is a set of markup tags
- The Tags describes document content
- HTML documents containHTML tags and plain text
- HTML documents are also called web pages
- The DOCTYPE declaration defines the document type
- The text between and describes the web page
- The text between and is the visible page content
- The text between
and
is displayed as a heading - The text between
and
is displayed as a paragraph
My First Heading
My first paragraph.
HTML Tags
HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
- HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like
- HTML tags normally come in pairs like and
- The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
- The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
- Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags
HTML Elements
"HTML tags" and "HTML elements" are often used to describe the same thing.But strictly speaking, an HTML element is everything between the start tag and the end tag, including the tags: HTML Element:
This is a paragraph.
Web Browsers
The purpose of a web browser (Chrome, Internet Explorer, Firefox) is to read HTML documents and display them as web pages. The browser does not display the HTML tags, but uses the tags to interpret the content of the page:
Writing HTML Using Notepad or TextEdit
HTML can be edited by using a professional HTML editor like:
- Adobe Dreamweaver
- Microsoft Expression Web
- CoffeeCup HTML Editor
Step 1: Start Notepad
Step 2: Edit Your HTML with Notepad - Type your HTML code into your Notepad:
Step 3: Save Your HTML- Select Save as..in Notepad's file menu. When you save an HTML file, you can use either the .htm or the .html file extension. There is no difference, it is entirely up to you. Save the file in a folder that is easy to remember, like test.
Step 4: Run the HTML in Your Browser -Start your web browser and open your html file from the File, Open menu, or just browse the folder and double-click your HTML file.
HTML Headings
HTML headings are defined with the to
to tags.
This is a heading
This is a heading
This is a heading
HTML Paragraphs
HTML paragraphs are defined with the
tag.
This is a paragraph.
This is another paragraph.
HTML Links:HTML links are defined with the tag.
This is a link
HTML Elements
An HTML element is everything from the start tag to the end tag:
| Start tag * | Element content | End tag * |
| | This is a paragraph | |
| | This is a link | |
| | | |
* The start tag is often called the opening tag. The end tag is often called the closing tag.
HTML Element Syntax
· An HTML element starts with a start tag / opening tag
· An HTML element ends with an end tag / closing tag
· The element content is everything between the start and the end tag
· Some HTML elements have empty content
· Empty elements are closed in the start tag
· Most HTML elements can have attributes
Empty HTML Elements
· HTML elements with no content are called empty elements.
·
is an empty element without a closing tag (the
tag defines a line break).
is an empty element without a closing tag (the
tag defines a line break).
HTML Lines
The
tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. Thehr element can be used to separate content:
tag creates a horizontal line in an HTML page. Thehr element can be used to separate content:
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
This is a paragraph
HTML Comments
Comments can be inserted into the HTML code to make it more readable and understandable. Comments are ignored by the browser and are not displayed.
HTML Formatting Tags
HTML uses tags like and for formatting output, like bold or italictext.
These HTML tags are called formatting tags (look at the bottom of this page for a complete reference).
Note:
Often renders as , and renders as .
However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:
or defines bold or italic text only.
or means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!
However, there is a difference in the meaning of these tags:
or defines bold or italic text only.
or means that you want the text to be rendered in a way that the user understands as "important". Today, all major browsers render strong as bold and em as italics. However, if a browser one day wants to make a text highlighted with the strong feature, it might be cursive for example and not bold!
Example:
This text is bold
This text is strong
This text is big
This text is italic
This text is emphasized
This is computer output
This is subscript and superscript
The HTML Element
The element is a container for all the head elements. Elements inside can include scripts,
