Equilibrium

 As we have studied in the chapter of LOM, a Body is said to be in translatory equilibrium if net force acting on the body is zero, i.e.

Three identical balls are placed in equilibrium position as shown in figures (a), (b) and (c), respectively.

In figure (a), ball is placed inside a fixed smooth spherical shell.  The ball is in stable equilibrium position.  In figure (b), the ball is placed over a fixed smooth sphere.  This is unstable equilibrium.  In figure (c), the ball is placed on a smooth horizontal ground.  This ball is in neutral equilibrium position.

Different forms of energy

Some other forms of energies are also present in nature.

(a)   Internal Energy:

 Internal energy of a body is possessed because of its temperature. A body can be supposed to be made of molecules.  The sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all the molecules constituting the body is called the internal energy. If the temperature of a body increases, this change cause increase in the kinetic and potential energy and Hence, in the internal energy.

 (b)   Heat Energy:

Due to the disordered motion of molecules of a body, it possesses heat Energy.

(c)   Chemical Energy:

Due to the chemical bonding of its atom, a body possesses chemical energy.

(e)   Electrical Energy:

In order to move an electric charge from one point to the other in an electric field or for the transverse motion of a current carrying conductor in a magnetic field, work has to be done. This work done appears as the electrical energy of the system.

(f)    Nuclear Energy

When a heavy nucleus breaks up into lighter nuclei on being bombarded by a neutron, a large amount of energy is released. This energy is called nuclear energy.

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