Temperature is a physical quantity that is a measure of hotness and coldness on a numerical scale. It is a measure of the thermal energy per particle of matter or radiation; it is measured by a thermometer, which may be calibrated in any of various temperature scales, Celsius, Fahrenheit, Kelvin, etc.
In kinetic theory and in statistical mechanics, temperature is the effect of the thermal energy arising from the motion of microscopic particles such as atoms, molecules and photons.
In the post 'Temperature : Basics' explains all the basic details related to Temperature. The links below will explain the instrumentation for temperature measurements:
- Temperature scales, temperature units
- Liquid-in-glass thermometers
- Filled thermal systems
- Thermocouples
- Resistance temperature detectors
- Thermistors
- Optical and radiation pyrometers
