Healthcare businesses are adopting Cloud computing in record numbers due to the available cost-efficiency, scalability, and flexibility. According to a report by Accenture, nearly one-third of healthcare sector decision makers said they are using cloud applications, and 73% said they are planning to move more applications to the cloud. When considering cloud computing for personal health information, healthcare businesses must be aware about the effect of HIPAA compliance in the cloud.

1. Strive to achieve “Safe Harbor”

Safe Harbor is a provision to HIPAA’s Final Breach Notification Rule, which kicks in when a breach occurs, and allows a “covered entity” (pending a breach risk assessment) to determine that Protected Health Information (PHI) was not disclosed. Encryption of PHI data is considered a primary way to achieve Safe Harbor.

In case of an information breach and assuming the risk assessment will find that PHI was encrypted, the covered entity will not be exposed to onerous reporting requirements; especially, they will not need to report the breach to every single effected patient, thus saving cost and their reputation. Additionally painful fines are likely to be avoided.

2. Encryption is only part of the solution

Strong data encryption, like AES-256, is critical to HIPAA compliance in the cloud, but it is not the end of the necessary cloud security. Strong encryption must be coupled with strong encryption key management in order to be effective.

3. Backups and snapshots must be secured

You need to properly secure any storage medium which contains protected health information about patients. This includes backups and snapshots.

4. Business Associate Agreements (BAAs) and liability

If a company you do business with (for example, a payment processor) has a data breach and ePHI is compromised, you could be liable too. Companies must sign a BAA, but are still potentially liable.

5. Monitor data access

According to TechTarget’s SearchHealthIT, you must monitor who has access to your data. “In order to ensure data is protected adequately, cloud providers implement advanced firewalls and intrusion detection systems that can help detect and prevent hackers from accessing their clients’ sensitive data.”

6. Employee training is a necessity

In addition to formal annual training, make sure you provide a constant stream of information and security awareness to train employees about their HIPAA compliance responsibilities. Use diverse methods to garner staff attention: posters, letters, memos, web based training, meetings, and promotions.

7. Policies and notices may need to be updated

Whenever the HIPAA rules change and/or your systems change, re-evaluate your policies and privacy notices as they will likely need to be updated and redistributed to patients.

8. Mobile devices and apps

All mobile devices and apps that are used by healthcare professionals must comply with HIPAA rules and regulations. Conduct a risk analysis to identify potential threats and vulnerabilities to ePHI, and implement a mitigation plan to address the gaps. Encrypt data on mobile devices before sending information to the app and always use strong user authentication to avoid data theft or inappropriate access.

9. Cloud storage can be made HIPAA compliant

Most cloud storage options are not HIPAA compliant “out of the box.” One of the reasons is because many cloud storage solutions allow encryption, but require that they have access to encryption keys. To maintain compliance and achieve safe harbor, use a solution like split key encryption that ensures that you maintain ownership and control of encryption keys.

10. HIPAA is not to be feared

Possibly the most important thing to know about HIPAA is that you should not fear it; it exists to protect patients, providers, and business associates and to facilitate appropriate data sharing. None of us want to suffer a breach and by following the provisions set forth in HIPAA, we protect ourselves.

Interested in learning more about HIPAA compliance? Read our white paper.

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