Acute Biphenotypic Leukemia is a rare and heterogeneous type of blood cancer, which is alternatively called mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL) or hybrid leukemia. Since it has the characteristics and features like that of both the lymphoid and myeloid leukemia, it is referred to as Biphenotypic Leukemia, which means both ‘types.’

In the treatment of this rare condition, the chemotherapy offers a good approach, followed by the stem cell transplant if required. Though, the efficacy of the stem cell is still unclear. However, the doctor determines the best availability and appropriateness of the treatment for the patient concerned.

With different test being available, it is easier to find out the type of leukemia.

One diagnostic test looks for chromosomes in the cells of leukemia, while another test looks for “special marker” outside of the cells.  The diagnostic test is known as immunophenotyping when a particular marker gets its ‘phenotype’ in a cell. Contrary to it, the markers, which get two different types of leukemia cells, are known as biphenotypic leukemia. The cells of Biphenotypic include the lymphoid cells as similar as acute lymphoblastic leukemia. They also have the same features as myeloid cells, found in acute myeloid leukemia. Since the biphenotypic leukemia includes the two different types of cells from both of this leukemia; it is diagnosed as Biphenotypic Leukemia.

Affects of Biphenotypic Leukemia

Acute Leukemia of any type is a rare and heterogeneous type of blood cancer, which progresses very fast. The healthy counts of white blood cells are an important factor to identify if a person has developed acute leukemia or not. The overproduction of white blood cells or leukocytes is a clear indication of acute leukemia. And as a result, the leukocytes have to compromise and cannot develop properly.  The dysfunctions of the immune systems occur when the leukocytes secrete more than the normal limits in the body.

This disease can put anyone’s health at a huge risk as the immune system becomes weaker. For this reason, even an attack of a mere bacteria and virus can be fatal to the health as the body cannot produce a good number of white blood cells. Additionally, any small internal injuries lead to deaths as the fewer numbers of leukocytes are unable to facilitate the platelets clotting.

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Whereas the vulnerability of Biphenotypic Leukemia is concerned, more than 5% of individuals suffering from acute leukemia are susceptible to Biphenotypic Leukemia. BAL can attack anyone, regardless of their age and gender. However, the prevalence of this condition is seen amongst adults as opposed to the children.

There are no such sound reasons for the condition to occur.

Infections in a shorter period of interval

The paling of the skin

Muscle exhaustion

Uncommonly bleeding from the nose and gums

Difficulties in breathing

The Hematopoietic or blood developing stem cell therapy offers the best treatment options for Biphenotypic Acute Leukemia.

During such treatment, at the beginning of the clinical procedures, the patients receive Chemotherapy and then stem cell therapy. The former process uses to fight the cancer cells, but it also puts an impact on the bone marrow functions. Hence, the stem cell transplant is aimed at replacing those cells affected during the Chemotherapy.

The entire process of the transplant relies upon the donor cells, known as the allogeneic transplant. The cells must have the similar features as those of the donor stem cells. The donor could be anyone, maybe your siblings or anyone else having the similarity with your cells.

Another process known as an autologous transplant involves the cells of the patient itself.  Both the transplant process allows for the complete recovery and helps build the immune systems. Hence, they offer a better opportunity for the survival.

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