K files come under the category of Endodontic hand files that are basically a manually operated instrument that finds its primary use in cleaning and shaping the root canal during root canal procedure, serving as a vital tool for Endodontists.

Earlier, these files and instruments were made without any proper specifications and standardization, but with time they got manufactured according to their increased diameter as size progressed while maintaining a constant taper off all the blades.

The various Endodontic hand instruments used for cleaning and shaping the root canal are reamers and files. Files are of two types depending on their shape seen in cross section- K & H files.

Dental K files have tighter and more number of flutes than reamers. The traditional type exhibit square shape in cross section, they are used with rasping or pulling motion. K files have undergone transformation over the years, are listed below-

K flex file- Modified K file, which is diamond /rhomboid shaped that produces alternating high and low flutes increasing the flexibility and cutting efficiency while maintaining cross sectional strength. Usually, the K flex file is more flexible than the traditional endodontic files of comparable size, offering the easy facilitation of negotiation of Curved Canals along with their preparation leaving minimum scope for ledge formation and perforation.

Flex-R File- Another modification of K file, having reduced cutting tip angles that make the file more centered within the canal.

Earlier, these files were made from carbon and stainless steel but nowadays, Files made from NiTi (Nickel & Titanium) have become popular as it confers properties like super elasticity and shape memory that facilitates efficient instrumentation of even significantly curved canals by continuous rotation decreasing the incidence of ledge formation and file breakage.

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