In order to gain full outershell atom looses, gains or share electron with another atom and takes part in chemical Bonding. Chemical bonding is of three types-Ionic Bonding, Metallic Bonding and Covalent Bonding. Ionic bonding involves loosing and gaining electrons and it takes place between a Metal and a non metal. Metallic bonding takes place within the metal and Covalent bonding takes place between non metals and it involves sharing of electrons. In this article we are focussing on Ionic bonding.
Example-
a) Sodium( Na+)
In the figure above we can see that sodium has an electronic configuration of 2,8,1. Sodium atom looses an electrons and got a noble gas configuration of 2,8 and formed a positive sodium ions.
b) Lithium (Li+)
Ions
To study ionic bonding in detail we need to be clear about the definition of an ion. Whenever atoms gain or loose electrons, electrically charged particles are formed which can be positive or negative. They are called ions and have the same electronic structure as noble gasses. Metals form positive ions and non metals form negative ions.Formation of Ions
Ions are electrically charged particles which are formed when atom gain or loose electrons. Metal and non metal atoms go in opposite direction when they ionise. Metals – loose electrons in their highest energy level and become positively charged ions.Example-
a) Sodium( Na+)
| Image source : BBC.co.uk |
Image source : BBC.co.uk
In the figure above Lithium atom also looses an electron and becomes positively charge lithium ions.
Non metals on the other hand form ions by gaining an electron in their outermost shell gaining negative charge and attain a noble gas configuration.
Example-
a) FluorineImage source : BBC.co.uk
In the figure above fluorine atom has gained an electron in its outermost shell and formed F- ion.
Ionic bonding
Ionic bonding is a bonding formed between a metal and a non metal. In ionic bonding, metal looses and electron and forms negatively charge ions and non metal gains an electron and form negatively charged ions. The strong electrostatic force of attraction between positive and negative charged ions results in ionic bonding.
Image source : slideshare.net
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