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A Testimonial of Witnessing Paranormal Revelations During the Spiritualism Epoch


Here are some examples of the photographic evidence that people with a denialist mentality aren't prepared to place in perspective.
 
 
The unexpurgated firsthand testimonial presented in this article originally comprised Part Four of The Personal Experiences of William H. Mumler in Spirit-Photography: Written by Himself (1875), a memoir serialized in seven issues of a weekly Spiritualist newspaper in 1875.  The book is also the subject of the preceding blog article.
 
In 2024 it is easy for people worldwide to be cynical and feel hopeless because of not knowing what information sources will enable them to expand their metaphysical understanding about life as well as concerning their own relationship to All That Is.  Many superficial distractions are posed from corporate entertainment media as well as by mainstream news media promulgating materialism and military values making evident the indoctrination of government officials throughout the military-industrial complex this is now a cultural tradition.  The practices and advantages of spiritually aware diplomacy have long been relegated to regimes of the past.
 
As momentous and relevant now as during the 19th and 20th centuries are the records and photographs documenting the phenomenal occurrences making known an omnipresent all-encompassing Force manifesting in diverse ways for the enlightenment of human beings during what is now categorically known as the 'Spiritualism' epoch.  Today while American government officials consider what can be known about UFOs / UAP / UFOlogy, essential paranormal documentation and testimonials continue to be ignored, concealed or dismissed by the mentalities functioning within a hierarchical chain of command where nobody accepts personal responsibility for one's actions — yet must be considered in relation to morality eventually, even if this has been delayed until the time when someone makes the transition to the afterlife.  Military UFO / UAP report alternatives available at this blog provide evidence correlating with the paranormal phenomena chronicled during the epoch of Spiritualism.  (inc. 1, 2, 3, 4)  Meanwhile, countless people give their attention to trivial and ephemeral entertainment selections instead of engaging in expansion of consciousness regarding what can be learned about the subjects profiled at this blog in more than 700 articles.
 
Following the passage from The Personal Experiences of William H. Mumler . . . that is featured in this article, biographical information about the foremost Medium mentionedHenry Sladeis presented thereafter to provide an example of the social conditions experienced by people who found themselves the focus of phenomena creating patterns of involvement making it possible for all human beings to expand their understanding about unseen conditions of existence influencing earthly life.  The lives of these 'paranormal people' were sometimes impacted by individuals and groups dedicating themselves to exposing them for fakery due to the assumption that the phenomena could not possibly be authentic and/or they were afraid of facing the reality that all of their fundamental accepted ideas about life and cosmology needed to evolve.
 
There've been previous blog articles offering reports about 'slate-writing mediumship' (incl. 1, 2, 3, 4) along with cases of materialized letters and painting by unseen artists upon blank canvas to manifest 'precipitated paintings' while numerous blog articles offer perspectives of 'The God Force' (incl. 1, 2, 3, 4). 
 

"Moses A. Dow and the Spirit of Mabel Warren," 1871
"Spirit photograph" taken by William H. Mumler (1832-1884; active Boston & New York)
Albumen print carte de visite
(photo found at photographymuseum.com)
 

This passage is from Part Four of the book.

I will here Introduce the valuable testimony of,

HON. MOSES A. DOW,

editor and proprietor of the Waverley Magazine, Bunker Hill District, Boston.  This gentleman had a picture taken which was fully recognized by him.  He says:

Having some time since become somewhat interested in the subject of Spiritualism, and being urged to do so by a request which I do not feel at liberty to decline, I have, according to the best of my ability, noted down the prominent items of my experience, hoping they may give encouragement and increase the confidence of those whose minds have not yet become settled on the subject.

I well remember the time when the phenomena of spiritual manifestations were first introduced by the Misses Fox, of Rochester, N.Y., and I did not, even at that early day, when Spiritualism was so little known and its promulgation so new and wonderful, do, as many others did and do now, scout its pretensions, for I saw the germ of a new era — one in which the human mind would become more free and more expanded, and that it would do away with many false and cruel tenets in most of the popular creeds of the day.  I was desirous, however, that others should study its reality and its claims to public confidence, as I had neither the time nor the inclination to search into its mysteries, for I had some fears that I might go too deep and that the subject might so involve my meditations as to unfit me for the actual duties of life, of which I had many responsible ones.

It was in the early part of 1870 that circumstances brought me in contact with some spiritual manifestations, and what I saw and heard at those meetings set the doors of my understanding "ajar," and the probability of the truth of such manifestations was indelibly impressed on my mind; and it was not very difficult, for the results of my observations, in after researches, made me a sincere believer in the doctrine that the spirits of our departed friends come back to us, and, through proper media, communicate hope and consolation to their nearest friends and those whom they loved on earth.

It has not yet become sufficiently popular for a man somewhat known in a community to step forth and avow himself a believer in Spiritualism, much less to advocate its promulgation.  But, if he truly, consciously and understandingly believes anything that courts investigation, especially one so important as is this, and dares not acknowledge that belief, he is not imbued with the spirit of liberty and free discussion which our institutions should have implanted within his bosom.

It has been my privilege, during the last twelve months, to enjoy the most positive tests of the truths of spiritual manifestations that any one ever had, and I propose, in this imperfect narrative, to give the results of my experience in plain and unequivocal language, that shall neither confuse or mystify those who may honor me by their perusal.

I am the publisher of a literary paper in Boston, and in the year 1862 there entered my office a young lady, apparently a recent graduate of our high schools, who offered me some manuscripts for publication in my paper.  She was reserved and dignified in her speech and manners, and she seemed the very ideal of what the most imaginative mind would deem almost perfection.

Her writings made a favorable impression, and I received several specimens of them during that year.  After becoming acquainted with her intellectual ability, and having seen the probability of the rapid advancement that she would make by a little experience, I made arrangements with her to take a permanent place in my office as an assistant on my paper.

The situation which she was to fill was that of assistant editor.  She was a fine writer of both prose and poetry, and her good taste proved to be a valuable acquisition to my editorial circle.  Her amiable disposition, unselfish nature and graceful deportment, as well as her faithfulness and honesty in performing the duties allotted to her, made her an object of admiration to all her acquaintances.  She filled the place to my satisfaction for eight or nine years.

Mabel Warren, as we will call the young lady’s name, was taken ill on the 12th day of July, 1870.  After nine days of severe suffering she peacefully and quietly passed to the spirit-land.  I will not attempt to give language to the grief which I felt at her death.  She seemed like a dearly-beloved daughter, her natural father having died in her infancy.  Her funeral was attended by a large circle of weeping friends, who felt that a vacuum had been made in their circle which could not be again filled.

On the seventh day after her death, while riding, I met with an accident, which caused me to keep [to] my house for several weeks.  An arrangement had been made with Mrs. Higgins, a spiritual medium, to take tea with my housekeeper, (who was a Spiritualist,) my family being away on a vacation.  Several other friends of the cause were present.  Before the company had assembled I had a short time to talk with the controlling spirit of the medium, which was that of an Indian girl, who said that there was a beautiful spirit present to see me, but she could not talk then as she was so weak, having been in the "spirit-hunting-grounds" so little while; but that she would talk to me another moon-time, or another night.  This Indian spirit was called Mary, and was generally the first to communicate through this medium, at her sittings.

Later in the evening another little spirit took control of the medium — that of the son of an ex-mayor of one of the suburban towns of Boston.  After some other remarks, he said:

"The beautiful spirit, Mabel, is here.  She is sitting on the banks of a beautiful river, and she is surrounded with flowers, and has a beautiful flower in her hand, and that is for you.  She loves you because you were so good to her.  The banks of the river look somewhat like the river Nile, but the river Nile had people who were mourning and weeping, but here all are happy."

At another time, on the same evening, Mabel took control of the medium herself, though weak and hardly able to sit in her chair.  She requested paper and pencil that she might write.  They were brought to her, and she proved almost too weak to take the pencil from the table.  She at last succeeded, and made an effort to write, and with much difficulty wrote the following, which was in the handwriting she used during her life-time:

"And it was my fate to be taken beyond the —"

When the pencil dropped from her hand, she fell back in her chair, unable to proceed any further.

On another evening, a week later, Mrs. Higgins, the medium, made us another visit, and being anxious to have a private interview, in hopes of obtaining some test that would prove to my mind the reality of Mabel’'s presence, I had a sitting half an hour before the time set for the rest of the company to meet.  Mabel immediately took possession of the medium, and in a friendly manner took my hand and said:

"You felt very sad when I passed away, didn’'t you?  But I shall always be near you, to console you.  I used sometimes to feel as if I did wrong to think so much of you, but I do not think so now — it was all right."

I will not attempt to relate all that was communicated to me at these sittings.  My object is only to give prominence to such points in my narrative as shall enable the reader to trace a harmonious line of evidence from first to last of my experience, and, if not very nicely expressed, I hope there may be seen a consistency in my arguments in favor of the truth.

About a month after the meeting above alluded to, Mrs. D. and myself made a trip to Saratoga Springs.  It was about the first of September.  The "season" had passed away, and we rambled over the almost deserted fields of gayety unmolested and unnoticed.  The shops and hotels were being closed; the hidden machinery (as it seemed) which forced the briny waters of the "Geyser" needed repairing, no doubt, and there seemed to be a move among the townspeople toward such improvements as were necessarily laid aside for the better convenience of the throng which had just left.  We had ample room for driving about, and plenty of gay teams at our call.  We visited the "Lake," the "Fishery" and the "Springs," the waters of which we freely drank.

I took a stroll up Broadway one pleasant afternoon, and casually stopped in front of a palatial mansion, which was being improved and fitted up by "Lord Willoughby," an English nobleman, who, I believe, intends to make it his permanent residence.  While admiring the place, with its beautiful garden of flowers, I noticed approaching me an elderly gentleman, who gave me a pleasant greeting.  He informed me that his name was Baker; that he made Saratoga his abiding place; that his family were grown up and scattered over the world, and that he found pleasure in the subject of spiritual manifestations, in which be was a firm believer.  He said he was then on his way to the "Waverley House," to meet Dr. Slade, a very powerful medium; that he performed wonders on the slate.  He asked me to go with him, to which I consented, remarking that I had witnessed some manifestations, and had received communications from some of my friends.

I found Dr. Slade to be a delicately-constituted gentleman, of a remarkably fine countenance and of genial manners.  After introducing the subject which we called to witness, he seated us around a common fall-leaf table, about four feet square.  The Doctor sat on one side, I sat on another side at his right, and Mr. Baker sat on my right, opposite to the Doctor.  We placed our hands on the centre of the table, touching each other, to form an electric circle.  Raps came thick and loud under the table, as well as on my chair.  The medium asked the spirits:

"Are there spirits here who wish to communicate?"

Three raps answered, "Yes."

"We will see what you desire to tell us," said the medium.  He then took a common school slate, and placed on it a small slate pencil about one-sixteenth of an inch long, and held it under the leaf of the table with the four fingers of the right hand, his thumb resting on the top of the table for support.  His left hand remained on the centre of the table in connection with both those of Mr. Baker and myself, as before said, to keep the circle unbroken.  There was no space between the frame of the slate and the table, and only about one-sixteenth of an inch between the slate and the table for the pencil to work in.

Soon was heard the sound of the pencil writing on the slate.  It moved with great rapidity, and the sounds of dotting the i and crossing the t were distinctly discernible.  Three distinct raps on the slate with the pencil said, "that is all," and the slate was taken out.  On it was written:

"Have no fears for the future.  This is a beautiful place.—C. Dow."

I remarked that I lost a brother Charles about thirty years ago.  He died a member of the Orthodox church, and believed in all the peculiar tenets of that creed.  He expressed a fear to me that my Universalism was not true; but, said he, "I hope it is."  And now to have him tell me in his first communication from the spirit world to "have no fears for the future," was very gratifying, for it confirmed my previous convictions that the idea of pain or sorrow after the death of the body, as a punishment, was only the fabrication of a false theology.

I then said that I had lost a friend in Boston a few weeks before, and had communications from her, in which she said she should always be with me; and that I would like to know whether she had come to Saratoga with me.  The slate was held under the table, and when taken out these words were plainly written on it:

"She is here!—C. Dow"

Then I said I should like to have her write to me.  Instantly there was written on the slate —

"I am always with you.—MABEL."

The medium then held the slate on the top of my head by his right hand, while his left remained in the center of the table, and on it was written, in Mabel'’s hand-writing, as follows:

"l am glad you are interested in this beautiful truth.  Ask Mrs. D. to come, and she wilt be convinced.—MABEL."

During this manifestation the medium said he felt a hand take hold of his wrist and pull his cuff.  I expressed a wish that she would manifest herself to me in that way, and soon the side of my coat was jerked quite hard, and a hand gently patted me.

The medium took an accordion and placed it under the table in the same way he had held the slate.  He took hold of the back part of it, and let the bellows and keys hang down loose.  The bellows were raised to a horizontal position, and began to move backward and forward to take in wind, and the tunes of "Sweet Home" and the "Last Rose of Summer" were played as sweetly as they could possibly be executed on that instrument by mortal fingers.

The medium also took a silver fruit-knife and laid it on the slate with the blade closed, and held the slate under the table.  Instantly the knife was thrown across the room on the floor, with the blade opened to Its full extent.

On the last evening before our leaving Saratoga I called with another gentleman to have a sitting with Dr. Slade.  After witnessing more phenomena, I said that I was going to leave Saratoga on the next morning, and I would like to know whether my friend Mabel was present.  The slate was held under the table, and on it was instantly written —

"l am glad to meet you; you are so very dear to me.—MABEL."

Mr. Baker informed me that if I wished to know of a good medium in Boston on my return home, I had better call on Mrs. M. M. Hardy, No. 4 Concord Square, as she was one of the best mediums he had ever seen.  I arrived home in about a week, and a few days afterwards called on Mrs. Hardy.  As almost every hour of the day is previously engaged, I could only engage to call three days later.  I did not see the lady at this time, as she was occupied.  At the time appointed I called and saw her.  I had never before seen her, neither had she ever seen me, though she may have read my name in my paper.  She did not know what I expected to learn; nor whether I wished to meet father, mother, wife or children.  I did not tell her my name, or give her any information in regard to myself.

I was invited into the sitting-room, and took a seat opposite to her, about six feet distant.  In a few minutes she was in a trance, and controlled by a little spirit called "Willie," who is generally the first that appears to one who has never been there before.

After his telling me that there were several spirits present who knew me, I asked him if I had any friend present, when he answered with the voice and accent of a child of four years:

"Yes, you have a beautiful spirit here, and she has got flowers for you.  Mary is here, too.  Who is Mary?"

The Indian girl who first spoke of Mabel, and told me of her presence through Mrs. Higgins, came to my mind, and I asked Willie if it was the Indian girl.
 
"Yes, it is the Indian girl, and she has got flowers; they have both got flowers for you.  The beautiful spirit gave you positive demonstration of her presence in Saratoga, through Dr. Slade, by writing on a slate.  She is always with you."

I asked Willie if my friend would speak to me, and he said she would, and that he would go and let her come to talk with me.

The medium remained silent for a moment, when a deep sigh indicated a change of influences, and both hands were extended toward me, a manner of greeting a friend which was habitual to Mabel when in the earth-form.  I took a seat nearer to her, and took her hands, which she clasped in a manner that indicated pleasure in meeting a long absent friend, and with great earnestness of language gave me a hearty welcome.  The reality of her presence was so sensibly felt by me that I could not speak for some time.  Her wishes seemed to be to impress me with the fact that she was really my friend Mabel.

"My dear friend, I am so glad to meet you," said she.  "Promise me that you will not use the word death when you speak of me, for I am not dead, but alive, arid am always with you.  It is so beautiful to pass away from earth; I do not wish to come back, unless it were to die again, it is so beautiful.  I am with your father, mother and brother; they all love me, and are waiting for you when you come over the river, and will meet you half way over the bridge.  It is only a breath long; when the breath is gone you are here, and it is such a beautiful home and we are all so happy here.  I will go now, and let your friends come to you."

After she had gone I had a talk with father, mother and brother.  They all spoke of the beautiful spirit which had recently come among them.  My brother Charles said:

"Brother Moses, I am glad to meet you.  You are the first one I have ever communicated with.  We are very happy.  The beautiful spirit is with us, and she can teach us our alphabet in spiritual progress because she was so good and pure when she came.  I will go now, and let our mother come.  Give my love to your daughters, and tell them their Uncle Charles lives."

I would remark that my brother died about thirty years ago.  My father died about fifteen, and my mother about forty-six years ago.  My mother next came to meet me.  She said I should find a beautiful home when I came to the spirit-land to meet my friends who were waiting for me.  My father talked pretty much in the same manner; and altogether, the good things they told me make life here seem not very desirable, and take from death all its terrors.

At another sitting I asked Mabel if her father would speak to me, as she had told me that he was her guardian spirit while she lived on the earth, and that he was ever present with her.  She said he would, and went away to let him come.  The voice of the medium was changed from feminine to masculine, as he said:

"I am glad to meet you, sir. I passed away when this child (Mabel) was in her infancy.  It was my doings that she was placed under your care and protection.  Had it not been for that care and protection she would not have been the bright and pure spirit that she now is.  I thank you for what you have done for her.  I thank you for what you have done for her mother and sister.  Good by."

At another time, when I was holding converse with Mabel, she said, voluntarily, without such a thought coming to me —

"I shall give you my spirit picture some time."

I supposed that it would have to be done with colors by a medium artist; and, not comprehending her meaning the matter dropped from my mind.  I now reminded her of her promise to give me a picture.  She said it would be a photograph, and it must be taken by a medium artist.  I asked her when we should have it done, and she said she would tell me the next time I came.  I called again in just one week, and she voluntarily spoke of the picture first:

"Now I am ready to give you my picture.  I met the spirit of Rufus Choate, and I asked him if he could tell me where I could get a picture taken for a friend, and he told me I could get it at No. 170 West Springfield street, in Boston, of Mr. Mumler.  I went there to see if that was the right number, and found that it was.  I went in to see how they did it, and I got so near the instrument that I was taken on the glass.  They didn't know who I was and so they rubbed it off.  Now, when you leave here, you must go there and make arrangements for us to go at one o'’clock, a week from to-day.  You call here at twelve; then we will go there at one."

On arrival at Mrs. Mumler'’s, I told her that I had called to see about having a picture taken — that a spirit friend had said she would give me one.

"When will you come?" asked she.

"I will call a week from to-day, at one o’clock."

"What name shall I put down?"

I did not like to give my true name, as I had heard that Mr. Mumler was an impostor, and told her she might call me Mr. Johnson — which she did; and I came to my place of business.

Just a week from that time I called at Mrs. Hardy’s to have a chat with Mabel previous to our going to Mr. Mumler’'s to get the picture.  When I first came, Mrs. Hardy gave me a letter which Mabel had written through her mediumship, from which I will make an extract or two:

"MY DEAR FRIEND — I again come to you.  I am never absent from you so but what I can hear you speak.  I promised you my picture.  I am ready to give it you any time when you may try to get it.  I will bring you flowers of beauty, and the Great Spirit will paint for you the lily with whiteness and the rose with blushes.  We can trust that Great Spirit through the infinite future.  I am one of his ministering spirits to you.  Grasp death with a smile when it comes, for we will meet you and lead you through the valley.  I will meet you again soon.—MABEL."

The meeting alluded to was no doubt that at Mr. Mumler'’s house to get the picture.

Mrs. Hardy then went into a trance, and Mabel was present in fine spirits.  The first thing she said was — "How do you do, Mr. Johnson?  I did not know that you was ashamed of your name.  I was there when you gave them the name of Johnson."

I told her I did so because I hardly believed that Mr. Mumler could take her picture, though he might take my own.

"Oh you skeptic!  Oh, you skeptic!" said she, and laughed at my lack of faith. 
At two different sittings Mrs. Hardy has seen the spirit of Mabel standing at my side, with her hand on my shoulder, dressed in a light striped dress, which was the last dress she wore on earth.  Just before going to have our pictures taken, she asked —

"What dress shall I wear? — a white robe, or my light striped dress?"

I told her I should prefer the striped dress, as that would distinguish hers from other spirit pictures, but I did not care much for the dress if I saw the face of my friend there.

"You wish to see Mabel, don’'t you?"

"Yes, I wish to see my friend Mabel."

"Well, I shall wear my striped dress, and I shall stand by your side and put my hand on your shoulder, and I shall bring you many beautiful flowers.  Now we will go for the pictures.  Good-by."

I left and went directly to Mr. Mumler'’s house, arriving there before one.  He said he had no one in, and would proceed with my sitting for the picture.  I was seated in a chair in the centre of the back parlor, about ten feet from the instrument, which was placed near the window, to take in as much daylight as possible, as it was a cloudy day.  The first time I sat about two or three minutes, when he took the plate and went out of the room to wash it.  In a few moments he returned and said it was a failure, and that sometimes it required half a dozen trials before a picture could be secured.”

The second trial was not much better, though he said he saw traces of something, but rather indefinite.  I told him I had just conferred with my friend, and she said she would be there.

"Well, then, we must persevere," said Mr. M.

The next time I sat just five minutes by his watch, which he kept his eye on, with his back to me all the time, with his left hand on the instrument.  He took the plate out as before, and Mrs. Mumler came into the room.  She looked as if she was under spiritual influence.  I asked her — "Do you see any spirits present?"

"Yes," said she; "I see a beautiful spirit"; and immediately she was entranced, and under the control of Mabel, who said:

"Now I shall give you my picture; it will be here in a few moments.  I shall have a wreath of lilies on my head, and a dress that will not be positively striped, but the lights and shades will indicate stripes.  I put into it all the magnetism which I possessed."

Mrs. Mumler then came to herself, and at the same moment Mr. Mumler entered with the plate.

"Have you got a picture now?" asked Mrs. M.  "Yes, I think I have," said he.

I took the plate and looked at it, and saw on the glass my own picture distinctly given, and close to my side was that of a lady with a wreath of flowers around her head, as she had promised.  Mr. Mumler said he would send me proof the next day.  It did not come, however, till two days after.  The picture was small, but by the aid of a microscope it was magnified to the natural size of the human face, and in that face I saw the perfect picture of my friend.  I was both surprised and delighted, and wrote to Mr. Mumler and told him I was perfectly satisfied, and gave him my true name. 

The next time I met Mabel at Mrs. Hardy’'s she said she wished I would get it enlarged while the conditions were favorable for doing so.  I suppose if Mr. or Mrs. Mumler should die, the conditions would be changed, for I think the combination of magnetism is the source of the remarkable power which they have of taking this kind of pictures.

*       *       *       *       *       *       *      *

I have given here a simple and condensed account of my experience in spiritual manifestations.  Should I write them out in detail, they would fill a large volume.  I wish to say a word about spirit-pictures, and then I have done.  It is often said that such pretensions are an imposition, because Mr. Mumler was prosecuted in New York for making them.  It may do for rival photographers to denounce him, for it places him in a position which they cannot attain.  But when the spirit of a friend, whom I have known for years, tells me that she will give me a picture of herself on a particular day, and at a particular hour, and tells what shall be the dress and decorations, what she will wear and what position she will take, and the picture is then taken and thus costumed, where is the humbug?

The picture [shown above] presents me as sitting upright in a chair, with my legs crossed.  My hands lie on my lap, with the fingers locked together.  Mabel stands partially behind my right shoulder, dressed in a white, well-fitting robe.  Her hair is combed back, and her head is encircled by a wreath of white lilies.  Her head inclines forward so as to lay her cheek on my right temple, from which my hair is always parted.  Her right hand passes over my left arm, and clasps my hand.  Her left hand is seen on my left shoulder, and between the thumb and forefinger of this hand is held an opening moss rosebud, the exact counterpart of the one that I placed there while she lay in the casket, at her funeral.  Her head partially covers my forehead, showing that my picture was not taken on a previously prepared plate.

That picture contains in itself a volume of proof of the reality and reliability of spiritual manifestations.  I have indubitable evidence that in this instance it is true; and if this is true, may not other similar pictures be bona fide?  It also proves the truth of all that Mabel has told me in her communications, as she has sealed the document with her honest and truthful face.

It also proves the immortality of the soul of man, and that that immortality is a blissful one.  It also negatives the idea of there being any misery for the soul after it has left this body of clay, in which alone are garnered all the seeds of temptation and sin.  Freed from that body, it is a spirit-form, and is free to act itself; and that it will advance in brightness and glory during the endless ages of eternity.

The picture also assures me that we have our friends about us, watching over us at all times; and the influence of such thoughts is to warn us in the hours of temptation, and also to reconcile us to the trials of life, and open our hearts to deeds of charity.


*

 
Links to articles about Spiritualism are listed at Paranormal People . net and there is also an article with "Divine Dispensations of Spiritualism — List of Articles with Links".

Below is the Nandor Fodor article about the medium Dr. Slade published in Encycopaedia of Psychic Science (1966).

SLADE, Dr. HENRY [1836-1905], American medium of a stormy career, the best-known slate writer over whose phenomena sceptics and believers were bitterly divided both in America and England.  He had been for nearly fifteen years before the American public when the choice fell on him to demonstrate supernormal phenomena in Petersburg before the investigators of the University.  Blavatsky and Col. Olcott, who were asked to find a suitable medium, have sat with him for weeks and testified to "messages inside double slates, sometimes tied and sealed together, while they either lay upon the table in full view of all, or were laid upon the heads of members of the committee, or held flat against the under surface of the table-top, or held in a committee man's hand without the medium touching it."

En route to Russia, Slade arrived in England on July 13, 1876.  He gave many sittings in London and was examined by both Spiritualists and non-Spiritualists.

Besides slate writing he produced partial materialisations and strong telekinetic phenomena.  The table moved, matter was penetrated by matter, he was levitated and musical instruments were played by invisible hands.  For six weeks all went well, his fame spread, and J. Enmore Jones, the editor of The Spiritual Magazine, declared that he was taking the place vacated by the great medium D. D. Home.

The World wrote in a long article on August 30, 1876:

"Then cam
e more and violent knockings at the table, a chair at the farthest corner from Dr. Slade was lifted rapidly in the air and hurled to the ground without visible agency.  My coat and trousers were plucked violently, and I was pinched and patted, all with great rapidity, and in quarters which it seemed absolutely impossible Dr. Slade could reach.  A hand appeared and disappeared fitfully, but with unmistakable reality, close to me; and when the slate was produced with a similar crumb of pencil, once on it when it was held under the table, and once under it when it was placed on the table, messages of various kinds were inscribed rapidly and in different handwritings.  One, the longest, was of a religious character, and inculcated the usual religious lessons.  Others were in reply to questions in which I pressed hard for a communication on some subjects which could be only known to myself."

The articl
e on the seance at which the reporter was alone with Slade and, presumably from the context, in light, concludes "I had not, and have not, a glimmering of an idea how the effects described had been produced, and I came away inexpressibly puzzled and perplexed."

He was
visited by men of science who were unable to explain what they saw.  Lord Rayleigh took a professional conjurer with him who admitted that he was completely puzzled.  He convonced Alfred Russel Wallace of his genuine powers and "finally" solved Frank Podmore's doubts as to the truth of spiritualism.  The author Modern Spiritualism preserved silence in his later writings over this stage of his beliefs, but he frankly admitted that he was profoundly impressed by Slade's performance.

Early in
September, 1876, at the peak of his fame, Slade got into a terrible entanglement.  Professor Lankester, who was outvoted as a member of the Selecting Committee of the British Association for the Advancement of Science when Prof. Barrett's paper on Spiritualism was admitted, intended to strike a deadly blow at the new superstition and when Serjeant Cox told him of the puzzling slate-writing demonstrations of Slade he went with Dr. Donkin to pay him a visit determined to unmask him at whatever cost.  He paid the usual fee of a pound, and in the second sitting he suddenly seized the slate before the writing was supposed to have taken place.  He found the message ready, published his exposure on September 16 in The Times and brought an action against the medium for obtaining money under false pretenses.  Over the exposure a fierce controversy ensued.  Besides Prof. Lankester the sceptics were represented by Prof. Sidgwick, R. H. Hatton, Edmund Gurney and W. B. Carpenter.  According to Podmore, "the Spiritualists were perhaps justified in not accepting the incident as conclusive.  Slade defended himself by asserting that, immediately before the slate was snatched from his hand, he heard the spirit writing, and had said so, but that his words were lost in the confusion which followed.  If we grant that Slade's testimony was as good as Prof. Lankester's or Dr. Donkin's it was difficult summarily to dismiss this plea."

The
case came up for trial at the Bow Street Police Court, London, on October 1, 1876.  Evidence in favour of the genuineness of Slade's mediumship was given by Alfred Russell Wallace, Serjeant Cox, Dr. George Wyld and another.  Only four witnesses were allowed.  The magistrate overruled their evidence, saying that he must base his decision on "inferences to be drawn from the known course of nature" and on the ground of the deposition of Prof. Lankester and Dr. Donkin he sentenced Slade, under the Vagrancy Act, to three months' imprisonment with hard labor.  In the course of the appeal the conviction was squashed on technical grounds and Slade, before Lankester obtained a fresh summons, quickly left for the continent, offering, however, later from Prague exhaustive private tests to Prof. Lankester if he would let him come.  To this he received no answer, nor did Slade come to London again, until 1878, and later in 1887 under the assumed name of Dr. Wilson.

Armed w
ith many testimonies of Spiritualists and other people of distinction against the blot of the conviction, Slade spent interesting months on the Continent in the Hague, in Berlin, and in Denmark.  In Berlin, Bellachini, the famous conjurer, testified on oath to his powers.  In St. Petersburg the seances were satisfactory, but owing to the disturbed state of Russia the investigation did not assume the character originally intended.  A successful sitting was given to the Grand Duke Constantine in the presence of Aksakof and Prof. Boutlerof.  According to an account there had been accidentally two bits of pencil on the slate.  When he held it under the table the writing of two pencils was heard at the same time and when he drew out the slate it was found that one pencil had written from left to right, the other from right to left.  Still, it appears that things were not generally successful there.  In a letter to Camille Flammarion, Schiaperelli writes: "Aksakof, whose authority is very great in similar matters, told me himself that he had detected him in trickery."

In December 1877, the experiments of Prof. Zöllner, which are so well-known in psychical literature, commenced in Leipsic.  Professors Fechner, Scheibner and Weber participated in the investigation.  Writing on sealed slates was produced under the strictest test conditions, knots were tied on an endless string, there were remarkable displays of force, and the apparent penetration of matter through matter was several times demonstrated.

A
fter this brilliant success Slade went to Paris and placed himself at Flammarion's disposal "but I obtained nothing certain," writes Flammarion.  "In the cases that did succeed, there was possible substitution of slates.  Tired of so much loss of time, I agreed with Admiral Mouchez, director of the observatory of Paris, to confide to Slade a double slate prepared by ourselves, with the precautions which were necessary in order that we should not be entrapped.  The two slates were sealed in such a way with paper of the observatory that if he took them apart he could not conceal the fraud.  He accepted the conditions of the experiment.  I carried the slates to his apartment.  They remained under the influence of the medium, in this apartment, not a quarter of an hour, not a half hour or an hour, but ten consecutive days, and when he sent them back to us there was not the least trace of writing inside."

Prof.
Richet writes of the same period: "I saw Slade once with Gibier.  Slade handed me a slate and put a small fragment of a slate-pencil on it.  I held one end and Slade the other, and we put the slate under the table.  In a few moments we heard a noise as of writing.  There was some writing and the bit of slate-pencil was worn.  But I give this experiment(my only one of the kind) under all reserves: (1) It was long ago; (2) I cannot find the notes I took; (3) Slade's honesty is open to question; and (4) Experiments with slates lend themselves to trickery."

The next stage of Slade's career was his visit to Australia.  His activities there were recorded in James Curtis' book Rustlings in the Golden City.  In 1885, he appeared before the Seybert Commission in Philadelphia.  He was caught in glaring fraud.  On one occasion, the sitters distinctly saw that his foot, before he had time to get it back into its slipper, was the instrument of claimed telekinetic phenomena.  Once a slate, resting against the leg of the table, was upset by a sitter.  It was seen that it had a message on it prepared in advance.  [This argument is one of those not unquestionably valid as it doesn't consider that the manifesting Force knows what question will be the one to be later asked.].

The writing obtained was generally of two kinds.  The general messages were very legible and clearly punctuated, but when the communication came in answer to questions it was clumsy, scarcely legible, abrupt and vague.  It bore traces of hasty work under difficult conditions, as these impromptu messages could not be prepared in advance.

According to the Seybert Committee's report, Slade declared that Prof. Zöllner watched him closely only during the first three or four sittings, but afterward let him do as he pleased.  This was the starting point of Fullerton's trip to Germany to interview Zöllner's surviving colleagues in an attempt to discredit his favorable findings.

The exposure by the Seybert Commission was preceded by J. W. Truesdell's revelations.  In Bottom Facts of Spiritualism, New York, 1883, he claims to have caught Slade in cheating and narrates an amusing incident.  He had discovered a slate with a prepared message in the seance room.  He stealthily added another message of his own: "Henry, look out for this fellow; he is up to snuffAlcinda."  He says that he enjoyed Slade's discomfiture when, at the appropriate moment, the unrehearsed message came to light.

A
nother highly damaging incident was recorded on February 2, 1886, in the Boston Herald: an account of the denunciation of Slade as an impostor in Weston, W. Va.  Both Slade and his business manager were arrested but they were afterward released without prosecution.  The manager frankly stated that he himself had seen phantom hands which he could have sworn to be that of Slade had it been possible for him to hold his hands in that position.

It is possible th


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A Testimonial of Witnessing Paranormal Revelations During the Spiritualism Epoch

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