Would King's Row Shock Like The Book Did?
| They Talk About It In Whispers! |
| More Daringly Than Ever! |
| Behind Closed Doors! |
Has literature lost its capacity to shock? Is there anything left for usto talk about “in whispers”? King’s Row the novel was raw as respectability came, a Peyton Place for the 40’s, and like that next-decade sensation, a lure to screen transfer, except … how could it get by a rigid-as-ever Code? Warners received a terse PCA memo shortly after winning the hot bidded Henry Bellaman property. “Industry policy,” it seemed, may prevent any attempt to film King’s Row. From such stuff are compromises made, had been before with worse prospects. Everyone scoffs at censors, did from a start of movies, but face facts, which were that Breen and associates were a studio-allied barrier against state-local meddle with screen commerce, but sometimes even their limits weren’t limited enough to suit hard-nose that was yokel boards (Ohio and Kiss Tomorrow Goodbye a for-instance). Then there was the Legion Of Decency, who danced not to PCA tune, and would condemn Hollywood output where it suited them (see Kiss Me, Stupid, which was Code-passed, Legion crushed). Priests spoke to apx. twenty-five percent of a US public, and many more listened where it came to picking films for family view. To incite them was to court loss. King’s Row was more book than Warners needed in any event, a first 200 pages useful, the rest surplusage. There was every perversion on record in this small town, Bellaman having exposed “hypocrisy” in each paragraph. Hottest of his potatoes was the incest theme, pivotal to the yarn, impossible for Warners to retain. Transgressors were a Dr. Alexander Tower and daughter Cassandra, ultimately played onscreen by Claude Rains and Betty Field. He kills her, then himself, to atone for sins and guard a promising future for his medical protégé Parris Mitchell (Robert Cummings). King’s Row associate producer David Lewis and writer Casey Robinson had to cleanse fate of father-daughter, letting them die as in the book, but for reasons censorship could abide.
Here’s general rule of survivors who give testimony re classic movies: Where credit is due, two guys at least will claim it. I call this the Bugs Bunny Rule. Remember animator(s) who said they invented him? King’s Row contest was for who cracked the incest nut. Was it David Lewis or Casey Robinson? Latter took the book on a cruise, saw no way to bell the cat, and pitched pages into the drink. Robinson years later told interviewer Joel Greenberg how it all clicked at that very moment, “ … as it hit the water I got the idea that solved the major censorship problem of the book --- to change the subject from incest to an inherited tendency toward insanity.” All this well and good, except for David Lewis telling author James Curtis around a same time that he came up with the incest-insanity switch, and then told Robinson about it. File this under success having many fathers. For all I know, Wallis, Jack L., maybe the guard at the gate, made a same claim. Frankly, I like the inherited insanity gag better. At least that’s something I’ve run into occasionally on journey through life. To general unease re Dr. Tower and offspring as experienced by 1942 first-runners to King’s Row, I consulted againwith Conrad Lane, who gave me the following account, of a very adult movie as seen by a boy eleven years old at the time:
My brother and I went to see King’s Row in May, 1942, at the Liberty Theatre in Alexandria, Indiana, me with no idea as to what it was about, but being a fan of Ann Sheridan and Ronald Reagan, this seemed like a good choice. My ticket cost eleven cents. We sat down in the auditorium, expecting a newsreel, shorts ... usual accompany to the feature, however, because of length, there were none. The curtain opened and King’s Row began. A female voice from behind loudly exclaimed, “Shucks, no comedy!” There were many disturbing aspects to King’s Row for this eleven-year-old, not the least of which was Dr. Tower’s relationship with his daughter. I realized something was badly amiss, but could not figure just what. The source novel had been discussed, not so much within my earshot, and I had no awareness of censorable content within its pages. I was unaware of anyone in my small town having read it. In hindsight, I realize that Orestes, Indiana, population 432 at the time, was a somewhat backward community. Being an observant, if not precocious, child, I had ears open to household conversation, especially where sotto voced. My mother and brother (the latter age sixteen … three months later, he enlisted with the Marines) discussed (in “whispers,” like ads said?) the incest theme which was part of King’s Row in print, but removed from the filmic treatment. So that was it!, my eyes opened to what went on between an obviously disturbed father-daughter. Another of youth’s doors unlocked. I had cracked a Code rigidly enforced by Hollywood censors. How much did I understand of incest as a dramatic concept, let alone real-life issue? Maybe more than was typical for a child of the 40’s, for I had heard of incidents around our small town, mostly of brothers and sisters in forbidden embrace. Turns out we were living in a virtual King’s Row and I never knew it.
King’s Row was filled with dream parts for young players, a laboratory to show what Warner contract talent might deliver if given an opportunity. A lot of them would not be seen to such advantage again. Ann Sheridan, Ronald Reagan, Nancy Coleman, each said King’s Row was the best work they ever had, or expected to have. If you’re the Oomph Girl, with a job like this bookended by Navy Blues or Wings For The Eagle, you knew Santa Claus didn’t drop down WB chimneysonce a year … more like once a decade. Sheridan told John Kobal and others how she “fought” for King’s Row, lobbied brass, agreed to test. They needed a top name to sell grim content, so she was it. Reagan might have spun his part to major stardom, but war service interrupted, and things weren’t the same when he reported back in 1946. A tricky spot was Betty Field’s (Cassandra Tower). She was brought in from the outside after Bette Davis expressed interest, then withdrew it, Ida Lupino backing off for same reason … King’s Row was an ensemble, and both these were too prominent to absorb into that. Arole difficult as Cassandra needed more than run-of-mill Warner actressescould give, but imagine if you can Priscilla Lane, Joan Leslie, or Susan Peters … each were tested. My pick from the three … Susan Peters, the others too scrubbed and wholesome. Some of crew, and later critics, saw a weakest link in Robert Cummings as Parris. Ideal pick was Tyrone Power, but Jack Warner knew futility of pursuing Zanuck for the borrow. Word was DFZ wanted two with Errol Flynn for one of Power, plus other concessions. When is there less chance of getting something you want than when you let the other person know how badly you want it. Would Power as starriest-by-far-star have thrown King’s Row off balance?
Sam Wood directed King’s Row. He gets a rap that I attribute to Groucho’s disdain for how he oversaw Opera and Races. There is too his reliance on William Cameron Menzies to give visual distinction to many of features Wood directed. I often hear a smart man defined as one who aligns himself with smartermen, or hires them where/when he can. One who recognizes own limits and lets others compensate for them has limitless potential for success, but that takes put-aside of ego, so too few utilize this anything-but secret weapon. Sam Wood strikes me as one who did. I picture him lounging around the pool and worrying a lot (not) about insider estimate of his talent. Repositories of genius come in all shapes. Wood would arrive on King’s Row set and ask James Wong Howe (director of photography) what we were doing today, then inquire if Bill Menzies’ set was ready. Delegation lifted to highest art. But come time for Wood to confer with cast, which he did so quietly, often to no ears other than ones addressed, and something special would happen, according to high-on-Wood remarks from years-later interview subjects Ann Sheridan, Betty Field, and Nancy Coleman. Performances like those in King’s Row did not come off by chance. Someone perceptive had to have guided them, and that person, by all accounts, was Sam Wood. Is this then, a most critical of director duties? If so, then Wood was a great director.
| Lurid X10 for a 1946 Reissue |
Then-reviews weren’t generous. We expect settled classics to have been settledfrom a start, but that was nearly never so. James Agee was sarcastic toward Casablanca, Manny Farber reserved re Citizen Kane. Bosley Crowther ripped into King’s Row, as “gloomy and ponderous,” “turgidly unfolds …,” “one of the bulkiest blunders to come out of Hollywood in some time.” Otis Ferguson’s review was mixed, as in “I liked the picture, but …” (“the faults of King’s Row are length … and that curse and damn it in all pictures, talk, and then some talk, and after that we’ll have some talk”). Even Variety, with eye toward trade, saw flaws and called them, but stopped short of an outright pan. Contemporary reviews can sometimes undermine love for what I call classics. Were these critics wiser and not so easily fooled? More discriminating where I am not? King’s Row sweeps me up, carries me away, but can emotion rule over sense? Sure it can, and probably should. I’m not blind to King’s Row flaws, but the best of it goes to where I deepest live, maple syrup of which is Korngold music. That swell when Scotty Beckett steps over the fence rail, and then grown-to-man Robert Cummings crosses back, is what transporting impact of movies is all about. King’s Row streams in HD at Amazon and Vudu, often plays that way at TCM.
