Just 30 kilometers from the bustling center of Mumbai lies the hidden gem of Kanheri Caves. Despite the city's glitz and glamour, this historic site remains underexplored. Nestled deep within the Sanjay Gandhi National Park on Mumbai's western outskirts, the Kanheri Caves are a remarkable collection of 109 Buddhist rock-cut monuments dating back to the 1st to 10th century CE.

The name "Kanheri" is derived from the Sanskrit word "Krishnagiri," meaning "black mountain." Historically, the site was also known as "Khanden," reflecting the same meaning.

The majority of these caves are Buddhist Viharas, serving as residences, study centers, and meditation halls. A few Chaityas, featuring rock-cut Stupas for congregational worship, indicate a well-organized Buddhist monastic establishment that was once connected to various prominent trade centers.

Before the land reclamation projects of the 19th and 20th centuries, the area surrounding the caves was part of Salsette Island, which was likely densely populated in ancient times.

Kanheri Caves are significant Buddhist monuments, representing both the Hinayana and Mahayana phases of Buddhism. The caves span a vast area, with the highest cave located about 1500 feet above sea level. Navigating the site can be disorienting due to the lack of a definitive route and the vastness of the complex. Each cave is numbered, though not always clearly labeled.

In the upcoming series of articles, I will explore these caves in detail, revealing the rich history and cultural significance of each.

Happy travelling.