Gadaladeniya Temple, also known as Saddharmatilaka Vihara or Dharma Kirthi Viharaya, is an important historical site in Sri Lanka. Located in Kandy, it is a great place to visit if you are interested in history and architecture. In this travel guide, we'll go through all the important details you'll need to know when visiting this site.

Overview and Details

Gadaladeniya Temple, located in Pilimathalawa, Kandy, Sri Lanka, is a renowned Buddhist temple that dates back to the 14th century. The complex consists of a main shrine room with a seated Buddha statue, a small white stupa, and several ancillary structures, all situated on a rock plateau. Built primarily of stone and brick, the temple showcases a blend of Sinhalese and South Indian architectural styles, evident in its intricate stone carvings, layered stone roof, and unique Buddha statues. The temple remains an active site for worship and spiritual activities, attracting both pilgrims and tourists interested in Sri Lankan history, architecture, and Buddhism.

Historical Background

Gadaladeniya Temple was constructed in the year 1344 during the Gampola period under the reign of King Bhuvanekabahu IV. The king sought to create a place of worship that would serve as a spiritual center, thus contributing to the spread of Buddhism in the region.

The chief architect, Ganesvarachari, hailed from South India and was a key figure in the design and construction of the temple. His influence brought in a blend of Dravidian and Sinhalese architectural elements, which made the temple unique.

The construction took place on the rock of Gadaladeniya, giving the temple its name. Originally, the temple was known as "Saddharmatilaka Vihara," which means "The Abode of the Gem of the True Doctrine." Later, it also gained the name "Dharma Kirthi Viharaya," named after a venerable monk who resided there. Over the centuries, the temple complex underwent several renovations and refurbishments, but much of its original architecture and artwork remain intact.

The temple also played a role in historical events. It was a meeting point for monks and scholars who contributed to the Theravada Buddhist tradition. Stone inscriptions at the temple provide valuable historical data about the period, including details about the king’s rule and the social conditions of the time.

Today, Gadaladeniya Temple stands as an enduring link to Sri Lanka’s past, offering insights into the country's history, art, and religion. It remains an important pilgrimage site and a living monument that continues to be a part of the religious fabric of the country.

Main Attractions and Architecture

Stone Carvings and Inscriptions

The intricacy of the stone carvings at Gadaladeniya Temple is one of its most captivating features. These carvings are not merely ornamental but often contain inscriptions that provide historical context. Floral designs, traditional Sinhalese motifs, and images of deities are some of the types you will encounter.

Layered Stone Roof

One of the unique architectural elements is the roof of the main shrine room, constructed using flat stones layered atop each other. Unlike many other Sri Lankan temples that employ wooden structures for the roof, the stone roof at Gadaladeniya is an exceptional feature. It demonstrates the advanced engineering skills of artisans during the period.

Buddha Statues and Iconography

The Buddha statues within the temple vary in size, posture, and style. Apart from the seated Buddha in the main shrine room, other statues depict the Buddha in standing and reclining postures. These statues offer a glimpse into the different artistic styles prevalent during the temple’s history.

Paintings and Wall Art

The walls of the temple are adorned with paintings that depict various episodes from the Jataka stories. These paintings offer a rich visual narrative and are executed in the Kandyan style, which is characterized by bright colors and intricate details.

The Entrance and Pillars

The grand entrance to the temple is supported by tall stone pillars. Each pillar is individually carved with intricate designs that include both abstract patterns and representational images. The pillars not only serve as structural elements but also add to the aesthetic value of the temple.

Makara Thorana and Pinnacle

Above the main Buddha statue, you'll find an intricately carved arch known as the Makara Thorana. It is adorned with various traditional motifs, including dragons and other mythical creatures. The pinnacle of the temple, also known as the "Kotha," is another notable feature. Made of stone, it resembles a miniature stupa and reflects the South Indian architectural influence.

The blend of Sinhalese and Dravidian architectural elements makes Gadaladeniya Temple a unique structure. Its design details, from the stone carvings to the roof layers, reflect the advanced craftsmanship and diverse cultural influences of its time.

Religious and Cultural Significance

The temple holds a special place in the religious landscape of Sri Lanka. It is a site of pilgrimage, especially during the annual temple festival known as Perahera. This event draws crowds who come to witness processions, traditional dances, and rituals.

Gadaladeniya Temple is also a place where people come to meditate and seek spiritual enlightenment. It holds significance in the Theravada Buddhist tradition that predominates in Sri Lanka.

Location and How to Get There

If you are starting from Kandy, getting to Gadaladeniya Temple is straightforward. You can opt to drive, taking the Colombo-Kandy road towards Pilimathalawa, where the temple is well-signposted. Another option is to catch a bus from Kandy to Pilimathalawa; from there, you can hire a tuk-tuk or walk to the temple.

Best Time to Visit

The ideal time to visit Gadaladeniya Temple is during the early morning or late afternoon to avoid the heat. The temple is open all year round. However, visiting during the Perahera festival provides an added cultural experience.

Tips and Advice

• Dress Code: Wear modest clothing that covers your shoulders and knees to show respect in this religious setting.
• Footwear: Remove your shoes before entering the temple premises as a sign of respect.
• Photography Rules: Be aware that photography might be restricted in certain areas. Always look for signs or ask for permission.
• Guided Tours: If you're interested in history and architecture, consider hiring a local guide for a more informed experience.
• Local Customs: Pay attention to local customs and practices, such as offering flowers at shrines, to engage with the site.
• Perahera Festival: If visiting during the annual Perahera festival, expect crowds and plan your visit accordingly.
• Accessibility: The temple is located on a rock plateau, so there may be steps and uneven ground.

Nearby Attractions

1. Embekka Devalaya: Located approximately 10 km from Gadaladeniya Temple, Embekka Devalaya is renowned for its intricate wood carvings and historical significance.
2. Lankatilaka Temple: This temple is another ancient structure near Gadaladeniya and is famous for its unique architectural style and panoramic views.
3. Wales Park: This elevated park is situated around 14 km from Gadaladeniya Temple and offers a peaceful environment along with scenic views of Kandy city. It's a great spot for a leisurely walk or to catch a sunset.
4. National Museum of Kandy: Located approximately 13 km from the temple, the National Museum of Kandy houses a rich collection of artifacts related to Sri Lankan history and culture. 
5. Peradeniya Botanical Gardens: Located about 8 km from the temple, this expansive garden is known for its diverse collection of plants, including a stunning orchid house. It's a perfect spot for nature lovers and those looking to relax in a serene setting.

Gadaladeniya Temple is a significant historical and religious landmark in Sri Lanka. The temple stands out for its rich history, unique architecture, and the deep cultural insights it offers. It's a spot that allows you to pause, learn, and reflect, making your trip to Sri Lanka a more fulfilling experience.