EarthSurfer contains affiliate links. If you make a purchase using one of these links, I may receive compensation at no extra cost to you. See my Disclosure Policy for more information. Each purchase helps fund EarthSurfer—thank you for your continued support.

Greenland, the world’s largest island, is a land of contrasts, with a fascinating history, rich culture, and breathtaking natural beauty. In this blog post, I’ll share some of the most interesting facts about Greenland, exploring its history, culture, language, and landscapes.

Population and Geography

• With a population density of 0.14 people per square kilometer (as of 2021) Greenland is the least populated country in the world and one of the most sparsely populated regions on Earth. As of 2021, Greenland’s population is 56,653.

• The island is the largest in the world that is not a continent. The island of Greenland spans more than 2.16 million square kilometers.

• Greenland has only one town, Kangerlussuaq, that is not located on the coast.

• Nuuk, the capital of Greenland, is the most northerly capital city globally.

• The island’s official name in the native language, Inuit Nunaat, translates to “land of the people.”

Travel and Transportation Facts About Greenland

• You can only reach Greenland by flying in from Denmark or Iceland.

• The main international airport on the island, Kangerlussuaq Airport, is not in the capital, Nuuk, but in Kangerlussuaq.

• Several of Greenland’s international airports were previously used as air bases during WWII.

• Towns in Greenland are not connected by roads. Transportation in Greenland relies primarily on boats, planes, and helicopters.

• Boats outnumber cars in Greenland, emphasizing the importance of maritime travel.

• The longest road in Greenland stretches about 35 kilometers.

Nature and Landscapes

• Greenland’s landscapes are incredibly diverse, with stunning icebergs, glaciers, fjords, and mountains.

• The island boasts some of the purest air and water in the world, making it an excellent destination for those seeking pristine natural environments.

• Greenland is home to the Ilulissat Icefjord, the northern hemisphere’s most productive glacier, and a recognized UNESCO site.

• There are very few hot springs and almost no trees in Greenland due to its cold climate.

• The Arctic Circle Trail, the island’s most famous hiking route, is roughly 160km and takes approximately eight days to walk/ hike

Facts About Greenland: Climate and Weather

• Despite its cold climate, it can get quite warm during the summer months, especially in southern regions.

• Greenland’s hottest month is usually July, with an average high of around 80°F and an average low of 63°F. In the winter months, from December to March, Greenland’s average high rarely reaches above 43°F.

• Greenland is among the best places in the world to see the Northern Lights..

Greenland Culture and Language Facts About Greenland

• Greenland’s official language is West Greenlandic, also known as Kalaallisut.

• Greenland’s cultural landscape is a mix of Inuit and European influences.

• Traditionally, Greenland’s food centers on hunting and fishing. However, modern cuisine, traditional ingredients like fish, seal, and reindeer are combined with new ingredients and flavors from around the world. One example of new Greenlandic cuisine is a dish called “Timmiaq,” which is a reindeer fillet served with a sauce made from local berries, such as crowberries or blueberries, and often accompanied by a side of roasted root vegetables.  

• Greenlandic coffee, typically reserved for special occasions, is a unique blend of coffee, whisky, Kahlúa, and Grand Marnier, topped with whipped cream.

History And Heritage

• Greenland got its name from the Norse explorer Erik the Red. In the 10th century, Erik was exiled from Iceland and sailed west to discover a new land. Upon his arrival, he named it “Grønland,” which means “Green Land” in Old Norse. He chose this name as a marketing strategy to encourage settlers from Iceland and other Norse communities to come and settle in this new land. Erik wanted to create a positive impression of Greenland, even though much of the land was covered in ice and glaciers.

• Greenland has three UNESCO World Heritage Listed areas, showcasing its rich cultural and natural heritage: 
  • Kujataa Greenland in South Greenland
  • Ilulissat Icefjord on the west coast of Greenland
  • Aasivissuit-Nipisat at the Arctic Circle in West Greenland

• Viking (Norse) ruins can still be found in Greenland, bearing witness to the island’s early history.

Facts About Greenland: Activities and Attractions

• Whale watching is indeed a popular activity in Greenland during the summer months, as several species migrate to its waters. The species commonly found in Greenland’s waters include beluga whales, narwhals, bowhead whales, humpback whales, minke whales, fin whales, and blue whales. It is important to note that beluga whales, narwhals, and bowhead whales are unique in that they stay in Greenland’s waters throughout the entire year and do not migrate.

• Fishing is a popular pastime in Greenland, with ample opportunities to catch various fish species, including the Arctic Char and cod.

• Inuit hunters from Greenland invented the kayak, which remains a popular means of transportation and recreation today.

• Heli-skiing, ski touring, and ski mountaineering are popular activities for adventure seekers visiting Greenland.

• The island is home to the world’s largest national park, Northeast Greenland National Park. The park covers an area larger than all but 29 countries—972,000 square km (375,300 square miles).

Greenland Facts: Festivals and Events

• Greenland hosts several music and culture festivals throughout the year, celebrating its unique blend of Inuit and European traditions, such as 

• Arctic Sounds, an annual music festival featuring local and international artists, is held annually in Sisimiut.

• National Day, celebrated on June 21st and features traditional music, dancing, and other cultural activities across the country.

• Nuuk Nordic Culture Festival, highlighting Nordic and Greenlandic culture, art, and music. 

• Several marathons and running races are held in Greenland each year, including the Polar Circle Marathon and the Nuuk Marathon.

Facts About Greenland: Frequently Asked Questions

[Image credits: GRID-Arendal, Steve Weston, Corgijuana, Bernd Hildebrandt Jónas Thor Björnsson Captain Smurf Patrick Coquillard Aline Dassel}

The post 36 Cool Facts About Greenland—The World’s Largest Island appeared first on EarthSurfer.