Concurrency is a fundamental aspect of modern software development, and Java provides a variety of tools and classes to help developers manage shared resources and coordinate the behavior of multiple threads. Among these tools one is atomic variables, which ensure that certain operations on shared data are performed atomically, I mean in one shot, without the need for explicit synchronization. In the past I talked about difference between atomic, synchronized, and volatile in Java and In this article, we'll explore atomic variables in Java, with a focus on AtomicInteger and AtomicLong, and explain how they work and how to use them effectively in Java.