Until JDK 8, there was no way to create a large, thread-safe, Concurrenthashset in Java. The java.util.concurrent package doesn't even have a class called ConcurrentHashSet, but from JDK 8 onwards, you can use the newly added keySet(default value) and newKeySet() methods to create a ConcurrentHashSet backed by ConcurrentHashMap in Java. This is better than old tactical solutions like using a concurrent hash map with dummy value or using the set view of the map, where you cannot add new elements. The Set returned by keySet(defaultValue) and newKeySet() methods of JDK 8 is a proper set, where you can also add new elements along with performing other set operations e.g. contains(), remove() etc.