The era of 1950-1970 was marked by brilliant achievements in astronautics, nuclear energy and the aviation industry. It’s the last one I’d like to talk about.
Ufimtsev and the edge Wave method
All this enormous scientific potential often transformed from quantity to quality. So, in 1962, a young scientist,
P.Ya. Ufimtsev published a monograph “The method of edge waves in the physical theory of diffraction.”
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With the help of such calculations, solutions to a number of diffraction problems for a wedge and disk were obtained, and non-uniform parts of the current were found for these bodies. The theory of physical optics existing at that time did not take into account the uneven part of the current, which was concentrated near the kink. To put it more roughly, it turned out to be possible to more accurately describe the further behavior of electromagnetic waves when falling on surfaces with kinks and sharp edges. More accurately predict the structure of scattered waves. It would seem, what does aviation have to do with it?
Development in the USA
Let's move to the USA. At that time, American aircraft could not boast of their power. The first development of a stealth aircraft in the United States began in 1958. However, the attempts were unsuccessful. The planes were much inferior to the Soviet ones, as demonstrated by the Vietnam War. Their basic science lagged behind. They had not heard about the edge wave method until they accidentally (or maybe not) translated Ufimtsev’s monograph in 1971. Having got their hands on the theory, the missing link, they began development. The project received funding of several billion dollars. Lockheed and Northrop, using Ufimtsev’s theory and computer modeling (this was already possible in the USA in 1975), were able to develop in 1983 the first aircraft completely made using Stealth Technology (Stealth - cunning) - the F-117 Night Hawk. one of the F-117 developers stated
Many journalists began to write about the "invisible plane." But this is absolutely incorrect. Firstly, it is visible in the optical range, and secondly, it is inconspicuous in a certain sector of angles for certain radars.
I will share my calculation, carried out while still at the institute. If you look at the scattering diagram of the F-117, you can see how much lower its frontal RCS is. Thanks to this shape, the aircraft re-radiates most of the energy of electromagnetic waves into the upper hemisphere. In the direction of the radar, the radiation is extremely small. The ESR of the F-117 aircraft when irradiated from frontal and tail angles is reduced to 0.1-0.01 m2, which is approximately 100-200 times less than that of a conventional aircraft of similar sizes.
This post first appeared on Power Electronics-Electrónica De Potencia-Leistun, please read the originial post: here