Research conducted by the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory of the US Department of Energy reveals that third-hand Smoke, the residues left behind from tobacco smoke on indoor surfaces, can be a long-term source of indoor pollutants. The study focuses on carpets and rugs as a particularly challenging reservoir of tobacco contaminants.

When third-hand smoke settles into surfaces, it doesn’t remain stagnant. Chemicals from the smoke are re-released into the air, sometimes transforming into new types of pollutants. Carpets are found to be major sinks for third-hand smoke. The researchers evaluated the effects of ozone cleaning on smoke-exposed carpets. The study examined aged carpets retrieved from homes in the San Diego area, as well as new carpets exposed to fresh smoke in the lab.

The team discovered that while ozonation partially removed polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from smoke-exposed carpets, it was ineffective at removing deeply embedded nicotine. The fibers and chemical components of the carpet act as a shield, impeding the removal of nicotine. Ozone generators, commonly used for remediation, release ozone gas to remove harmful compounds. However, the study emphasizes that ozone generators have limitations and can create a false sense of efficacy. The lack of detectable smell doesn’t necessarily signify the elimination of all contaminants of concern.

The research underscores carpets as both a common reservoir and a significant source of third-hand smoke contaminants. The researchers recommend giving up smoking and replacing carpets to address the issue permanently. Future steps in the research will evaluate other indoor reservoirs such as drywall and upholstery.

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