So, as we know the basic working of normal computers that we have in our home and offices , it use tiny switches called transistors to process information. These switches can either be "on" or "off," and this is how we instruct the Computer to perform a certain work.

Now, Quantum Computers are slightly different from normal computers , it uses quantum bits called "qubits" to perform. The fascinating thing about qubits is that they can be in two different states at the same time. Just imagine a toss in which a coin shows both "heads" and "tails" at the same time.

This sounds confusing and can be explained with a simple analogy of compass needle . A compass needle can point either north or south, depending on the direction of the Earth's magnetic field. However, if we place a compass in a magnetic field that is not aligned with north or south, the needle will point in a direction that is a superposition of both north and south. This means that the needle is effectively pointing in both directions at the same time, with a certain probability of being in each state.

The property  is called superposition, which is a key property of quantum computing. In a classical computer, a bit can only be in one of two states, 0 or 1, at any given time. However, in a quantum computer, a qubit can be in a superposition of both 0 and 1 states simultaneously.

For example, suppose you have a quantum computer with three qubits. In a classical computer, you would need eight bits to represent all possible states, but in a quantum computer, these three qubits can be in a superposition of all eight states simultaneously. This allows a quantum computer to perform certain calculations much faster than a classical computer, as it can effectively perform many calculations at the same time.

However when we try to measure the state of quibit at a particular time then its states collapses either to "zero" or "one". So, a qubit can be in superposition states simultaneously , it can only be measured in one state at a time.

Future of Quantum Computers?

Quantum computers have the potential to solve various problems that are currently almost impossible or can take a long time for classical computers, such as breaking encryption algorithms . While this could bring many benefits in fields like medicine, finance, and materials science, it also raises concerns about potential threats that Quantum Computers could pose in the future. Here are some of the main threats that are currently being discussed:

1. Cryptography: Quantum computers could break many of the encryption algorithms that are currently used to secure sensitive information, such as credit card transactions, government documents, and military communications. This could lead to a loss of privacy and security, and make it easier for attackers to steal data or disrupt systems.
2. Financial systems: Quantum computers could be used to break the cryptographic algorithms that underpin many financial systems, such as stock markets and online banking. This could lead to a loss of confidence in financial institutions, and potentially cause economic disruption.
3. National security: Quantum computers could be used by nation-states to break the encryption used to protect sensitive government communications and intelligence operations. This could put national security at risk, and potentially lead to military conflicts.
4. Faster optimisation: Quantum computers could be used to solve complex optimisation problems more quickly than classical computers, which could have applications in fields like logistics, finance, and transportation. This could lead to more efficient and cost-effective solutions to real-world problems.
5. Improved cryptography: While quantum computers could break many of the encryption algorithms currently used, they could also be used to develop new, more secure cryptographic methods that are resistant to quantum attacks. This could lead to a new era of secure communication and data storage.

If u want to learn more about Quantum Computers you can click this below YouTube link of Veritasium channel .