Question

You use GitHub to host container packages that use Semantic Versioning (SemVer).

You have an app named App1. The current version of App1 is 11.2.0.

You change the code of App1 to fix a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1.

Which version number should you assign to the release?

A. 10.5.1-PATCH
B. 11.2.1
C. 10.5.2
D. 10.6.0

Answer

B. 11.2.1

Explanation 1

The answer is B. 11.2.1.

Semantic Versioning (SemVer) is a versioning system that is used to communicate the state of a software project. It uses three numbers to represent a version:

• The major version number (X) represents significant changes that may break compatibility.
• The minor version number (Y) represents minor changes that are backward-compatible.
• The patch version number (Z) represents bug fixes that are backward-compatible.

In this case, the current version of App1 is 11.2.0. The bug fix that you are making is for a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1. Therefore, the change is backward-compatible and should be assigned a patch version number. The next version of App1 should be 11.2.1.

Option A, 10.5.1-PATCH, is not a valid SemVer version number. The patch version number should always be zero or greater.

Option C, 10.5.2, is not a valid SemVer version number because it increments the minor version number. The minor version number should only be incremented when there are backward-incompatible changes.

Option D, 10.6.0, is not a valid SemVer version number because it increments the major version number. The major version number should only be incremented when there are significant changes that may break compatibility.

I hope this explanation is clear and accurate.

Explanation 2

I would recommend choosing option B: 11.2.1.

Semantic Versioning (SemVer) is a versioning system that is widely used in software development, including in container packages hosted on GitHub. According to SemVer, when you make a release that fixes a bug introduced in a previous version, you should increment the patch version number (the third number in the version sequence, after the dot).

In this case, the current version of App1 is 11.2.0, and the bug was introduced in version 10.5.1. Therefore, the appropriate version number for the release that fixes the bug would be 11.2.1. This indicates that the release is a patch release that fixes a bug in the previous version (11.2.0), and does not introduce any new features or changes to the software.

Option A, 10.5.1-PATCH, is not a valid SemVer version number. The patch version number should always be incremented from the previous version, and should not include the previous version number in the version string.

Option C, 10.5.2, would be a valid version number if the bug was introduced in version 10.5.1 and a new feature or change was introduced in this release. However, since the bug was introduced in version 10.5.1 and we are only fixing it in this release, option C is not the correct choice.

Option D, 10.6.0, would be a valid version number if a new major feature or change was introduced in this release, but since we are only fixing a bug introduced in a previous version, option D is not the correct choice.

Explanation 3

The correct answer is B. 11.2.1. According to Semantic Versioning (SemVer), a version number consists of three parts: major, minor, and patch. The major version is incremented when there are incompatible changes in the API or functionality of the software. The minor version is incremented when there are new features or enhancements that are backward compatible. The patch version is incremented when there are bug fixes that are backward compatible. In this case, the bug fix does not affect the API or functionality of App1, so it does not require a major or minor version change. However, it does require a patch version change to indicate that the bug has been fixed. Therefore, the new version number should be 11.2.1, which is one patch level higher than the current version 11.2.0.

Explanation 4

Here is my comprehensive answer for the question along with detail explanation without making any assumptions:

The correct option is B. 11.2.1

Semantic Versioning (SemVer) specifies that software versions should consist of major, minor, and patch numbers:

MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH

• MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
• MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards compatible manner, and
• PATCH version when you make backwards compatible bug fixes.

In this case:

• The current version of App1 is 11.2.0.
• A bug fix is being made for a bug introduced in version 10.5.1
• Since the bug fix is backwards compatible, only the patch number should be incremented.
• The major and minor versions (11.2) should remain the same as the bug fix does not introduce any new functionality or incompatible changes.
• Therefore, the correct version number to assign is 11.2.1.

Options A, C and D are incorrect according to SemVer versioning rules:

A) Is incorrect as SemVer does not use hyphens
C) Increments the minor version instead of the patch
D) Increments the major version instead of just the patch

Therefore, the only correct option based on Semantic Versioning rules is 11.2.1.

Explanation 5

The correct option is B. 11.2.1. In Semantic Versioning (SemVer), a bug fix that doesn’t add any new features or break any existing ones should increment the patch version. Since the current version of your app is 11.2.0, the new version after the bug fix should be 11.2.1.

In Semantic Versioning (SemVer), the version number is divided into three parts: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH. Each part has a specific meaning:

• MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes,
• MINOR version when you add functionality in a backwards-compatible manner, and
• PATCH version when you make backwards-compatible bug fixes.

So, when a bug fix is made that doesn’t add any new features or break any existing ones, it’s considered a backwards-compatible change. This means it doesn’t alter the app’s functionality or its API in a way that would require changes to other software that interacts with it. Therefore, it’s appropriate to increment the PATCH version.

If the current version of the app is 11.2.0, after a bug fix that fits the criteria above, the new version should be 11.2.1. The ’11’ represents the MAJOR version, the ‘2’ represents the MINOR version, and the ‘0’ is the PATCH version. Since the bug fix is a PATCH, we increment the PATCH version from ‘0’ to ‘1’, resulting in 11.2.1.

Explanation 6

To determine the appropriate version number for the release of App1, we need to follow the rules of Semantic Versioning (SemVer). SemVer consists of three components: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.

According to the rules of SemVer:

• The MAJOR version should be incremented when you make incompatible API changes.
• The MINOR version should be incremented when you add functionality in a backward-compatible manner.
• The PATCH version should be incremented when you make backward-compatible bug fixes.

In this scenario, the bug was introduced in version 10.5.1, and you have fixed the bug. Since the bug fix is a backward-compatible bug fix, you should increment the PATCH version.

Given that the current version of App1 is 11.2.0, the appropriate version number for the release would be 11.2.1. This option indicates a backward-compatible bug fix without introducing any incompatible changes or adding new functionality.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B. 11.2.1.

Explanation 7

Semantic Versioning (SemVer) is a software versioning system that is intended to make software version numbers more readable and comparable. It consists of three parts: major, minor, and patch. The major version number is incremented when there are significant changes to the software, the minor version number is incremented when there are minor changes, and the patch version number is incremented when there are bug fixes.

In this case, the current version of App1 is 11.2.0. You change the code of App1 to fix a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1. This means that you are making a minor change to the software, so you should increment the minor version number. The new version number should be 11.2.1.

Explanation 8

The correct answer is B. 11.2.1.

According to Semantic Versioning 2.0.0, a version number consists of three parts: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH. Each part is incremented according to the following rules:

• MAJOR version when you make incompatible API changes
• MINOR version when you add functionality in a backward compatible manner
• PATCH version when you make backward compatible bug fixes

Since the change in App1 is a bug fix that does not affect the API or the functionality, the PATCH version should be incremented by one. Therefore, the new version number should be 11.2.1.

Option A is incorrect because it does not follow the Semantic Versioning format of X.Y.Z, where X, Y, and Z are non-negative integers. Option C is incorrect because it does not reflect the current version of App1, which is 11.2.0. Option D is incorrect because it increments the MINOR version instead of the PATCH version, which implies that new functionality was added, which is not the case.

I hope this explanation helps you understand Semantic Versioning better.

Explanation 9

Based on the information provided, the correct answer is (B) 11.2.1. Here’s why:

Semantic Versioning (SemVer) is a versioning system that helps maintainers of open-source projects to manage the version of their software. It’s based on three parts: Major Version, Minor Version, and Patch Version.

• Major Version (MAJOR): Represents significant changes to the software’s functionality or architecture. When a major version is released, all existing functionality may break, and new functionality may be introduced.
• Minor Version (MINOR): Represents new features or enhancements that are backwards compatible with the previous version.
• Patch Version (PATCH): Represents bug fixes, security updates, or other small changes that do not affect the compatibility of the software.

In this case, you fixed a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1, so the correct version number to assign is 11.2.1, which indicates that it’s a new version with improvements and bug fixes.

Option (A) 10.5.1-PATCH is incorrect because it would imply that the fix for the bug was a minor change, but since you changed the code of App1, it’s a new version.

Option (C) 10.5.2 is incorrect because it would imply that the bug fix was a minor change, but you mentioned that it was a significant bug fix.

Option (D) 10.6.0 is incorrect because it would imply that the fix for the bug was a major change, but since you didn’t mention any new features or significant changes, it’s not the correct version number.

I hope that helps! 😊

Explanation 10

The correct option is:

B. 11.2.1.

Explanation:

Semantic Versioning (SemVer) is a versioning scheme that follows a specific format: `MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH`. Each component has a specific meaning:

• MAJOR: Incremented for backward-incompatible changes.
• MINOR: Incremented for backward-compatible new features.
• PATCH: Incremented for backward-compatible bug fixes.

Given the scenario, here’s the reasoning for the correct answer:

• The current version is 11.2.0.
• You fixed a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1.

The goal is to maintain a consistent versioning scheme and reflect the changes accurately. Since the bug was introduced in version 10.5.1, you would want to update the MINOR version because it’s a backward-compatible bug fix. However, the version 10.5.1 itself is a prior version, so you should also ensure that the new version is greater than that.

Considering this, the best approach is to increment the MINOR version by one and set the PATCH version to 1, resulting in the version 11.2.1. This follows the SemVer rules and indicates that the release contains a bug fix that is backward-compatible.

Options A, C, and D are not the best choices based on the scenario:

• Option A (10.5.1-PATCH) introduces a non-standard version format by appending “-PATCH” to the PATCH version. SemVer doesn’t use this format.
• Option C (10.5.2) would indicate a PATCH release for version 10.5.1, but it doesn’t account for the fact that you’re actually moving forward to version 11.x.
• Option D (10.6.0) would indicate a new MINOR version for a release that contains a bug fix. It’s better to reserve the MINOR version increment for backward-compatible new features.

In summary, the correct version number to assign to the release after fixing the bug introduced in version 10.5.1 is 11.2.1, which reflects the change and follows the principles of Semantic Versioning.

Explanation 11

The correct answer is B. 11.2.1.

According to Semantic Versioning (SemVer), when you fix a bug that was introduced in a previous version, you should release a new version with a patch-level increment (e.g., 11.2.1). The patch-level increment indicates that the release contains bug fixes and other minor changes, but no new features or breaking changes.

In this case, you changed the code of App1 to fix a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1, so you should release a new version with a patch-level increment (11.2.1) to indicate that it contains bug fixes.

Option A (10.5.1-PATCH) is incorrect because it suggests that the release is a patch release for version 10.5.1, rather than a minor release with bug fixes.

Option C (10.5.2) is incorrect because it suggests that the release is a minor release with new features or breaking changes, rather than a patch release with bug fixes.

Option D (10.6.0) is incorrect because it suggests that the release is a major release with new features or breaking changes, rather than a patch release with bug fixes.

Explanation 12

To determine the correct version number to assign to the release, we need to follow the rules of Semantic Versioning (SemVer). SemVer consists of three parts: MAJOR.MINOR.PATCH.

• MAJOR version is incremented when you make incompatible changes.
• MINOR version is incremented when you add functionality in a backward-compatible manner.
• PATCH version is incremented when you make backward-compatible bug fixes.

In this scenario, you fixed a bug that was introduced in version 10.5.1. Since the bug fix is a backward-compatible bug fix, we need to increment the PATCH version.

Given that the current version of App1 is 11.2.0, the correct version number to assign to the release would be 11.2.1 (Option B). This indicates that a backward-compatible bug fix has been made to the existing version.

Option A (10.5.1-PATCH) is incorrect because it does not follow the SemVer format. The PATCH version should be incremented after the MINOR version.

Option C (10.5.2) is incorrect because it refers to a previous version and does not reflect the current version of App1.

Option D (10.6.0) is incorrect because it increments the MINOR version, which is not necessary for a backward-compatible bug fix.

Therefore, the correct answer is Option B: 11.2.1.

Explanation 13

Explanation 14

Explanation 15

Reference

• GitHub – semver/semver: Semantic Versioning Specification
• GitHub – composer/semver: Semantic versioning utilities with the addition of version constraints parsing and checking.
• GitHub – jscutlery/semver: Nx plugin to automate semantic versioning and CHANGELOG generation.
• Semantic Versioning 2.0.0 | Semantic Versioning (semver.org)
• A Guide to Semantic Versioning | Baeldung on Computer Science
• About semantic versioning | npm Docs (npmjs.com)

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