Facts about Chemical Processes in Chemistry
■ Chromatography: The modern and most effective method to separate different components of a mixture.
■ Sublimation: The change of substance directly from solid state to vapour state. Camphor, iodine etc. undergoes sublimation.
■ Electro Plating: The deposition of the metal on another by electric current .
■ Fermentation: The method used to obtain alcohol from molasses is called fermentation.
■ Bessemer Process: Removal of impurities from molten metal by blowing air through the molten charge in a Bessemer converter. It is used to remove carbon and phosphorus from steel; sulphur and iron from copper.
■ Bosch Process: Production of hydrogen by the catalytic reduction of steam with carbon monoxide at 500°C.
■ Haber Process: The process in which ammonia is prepared by combining nitrogen and hydrogen.
■ Contact Process: Preparation of sulphuric acid.
■ Aluminothermic Process: Reduction of iron oxide to iron using aluminium.
■ Cyanide Process: It is used for the extraction of silver and gold.
■ Ostwald Process: Preparation of nitric acid.
■ Hall Heroult Process: It is used to prepare aluminium by electrolysis in which alumina (aluminium oxide) is dissolved in cryolite (sodium aluminium fluoride) and electrolyzed.
■ Solvey process: Preparation of baking soda/ washing soda.
■ Mc-Arther Forrest Process : Extraction of gold.
■ What is Pasteurization?
Ans: It is the process by which milk is exposed to a high temperature from 62.8°C - 65.5°C for 30 minutes to destroy certain micro - organisms and to prevent or arrest fermentation.
Chemistry Sobriquets
- King of metals - Gold
- King of poison - Arsenic
- Metal of the future - Titanium
- Rainbow metal - Irdium
- Blue gold - Water
- Little silver - Platinum
- Quick silver - Mercury
- White gold - Platinum
- Chemical sun - Magnesium
- White tar - Naphthalene
- Mineral oil - Petroleum
- Philosopher's wool - Zinc oxide
- Laughing gas - Nitrous oxide
- Royal liquid - Aquaregia
- Marsh gas - Methane
- Sun's son - Helium
Common Name and Chemical Name
- Rock Salt - Sodium chloride (NaCI)
- Carborunclum - Silicon carbide (SiC)
- Gypsum - Calcium sulphate (CaSO4.2H2O)
- Plaster of Paris - Calcium sulphate (CaSO4.½H2O)
- Nitre - Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
- Red lead - Triplumbic tetroxide (Pb3O4)
- Common salt - Sodium chloride (NaCI)
- Hypo - Sodium thiosulphate (Na2S2O3)
- Candy fluid - Potassium permanganate (KMnO4)
- Soda nitre - Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)
- Chalk - Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Spirit - Ethyl alcohol (C2H2OH)
- Caustic potash - Potassium hydroxide (KOH)
- Baking soda - Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
- Soda water - Carbonic acid (H2CO3)
- Limestone - Calcium carbonate (CaCO3)
- Gun power nitre - Potassium nitrate (KNO3)
- Lunar caustic - Silver nitrate (AgNO3)
- Slaked lime Calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH)2)
- Quick lime - Calcium oxide (CaO)
- Liquor ammonia - Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH)
- Potash alum - Potassium aluminium sulphate
- Blue vitriol - Copper sulphate (CuSO4)
- Washing soda - Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
- Caustic soda - Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)
- Calomel - Mercurous chloride (Hg2Cl2)
- White vitriol - Zinc sulphate (ZnSO4)
- Sal ammoniac - Ammonium chloride (NH4Cl)
- Pearl ash - Potassium carbonate (K2CO3)
- Green vitriol - Ferrous/Iron sulphate (FeSO4)
- Glauber's salt - Sodium sulphate ( Na2SO4).10H2O
- Chloroform - Trichloro methane (CHCl3)
- Litharge - Lead monoxide (PbO)
- Bleaching powder - Calcium oxy chloride (CaOCl2)
- Epsom salt - Magnesium sulphate (MgSO4.7H2O)
- Aspirin - Acetyl salicylic acid
- Salt cake - Sodium sulphate (Na2SO4)
- Quartz - Silicon dioxide (SiO2)
- Calamine - Zinc carbonate (ZnCO3)
