• • Partial loading of website: It can be addressed by 

try{
thread.sleep();
}
catch(Exception e)
{
}

• • Explicit wait:This will wait for a certain condition to occur before proceeding further

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.get(URL);
WebElement myDynamicElement=(new WebDriver Wait(driver,10)).until
(ExpectedCondition.presenceofElementLocated(By.id("myElement")));

• • Implicit Wait: It is to tell webdriver to poll the DOM for a certain amount of time when trying to find an element if they are not immediately available. The default settings is zero.Once set the implicit wait, it is set for the life span of the webdriver object instance. It is taken from watir.

WebDriver driver=new FirefoxDriver();
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlywait(10,TimeUnit.SECONDS);
driver.get(URL);
WebElement element=driver.Element(By.id("myElement"));

• • Using Javascript

If an application triggers an ajax call, we need to wait until the call has ended. But using thread.sleep(),implicit or explicit wait is not clean and proper approach the browser does not change much while fetching data from server. jQuery keeps a count of how many ajax calls are active in its ajax.active variable. The implementation is described here

public void waitForAjax(int timeOutSeconds)
{
try
{
if (driver instanceof JavaScriptExecutor)
{
JavaScriptExecutor jsDriver=(JavaScriptExecutor) driver;
for(int i=0;i{
object numberOfAjaxConnections=jsDriver.executeScript("return jQuery.active");
if(numberOfAjaxConnections instanceOf long)
{
Long n=(Long) numberOfAjaxConnections;
if(n.longValue()==0L)
{
break;
}
Thread.sleeep(100);
}
}
catch(InterruptedException e)
{
}
}

• • Using Fluent Wait

Selenium Webdriver provides Fluent wait option to handle uncertain waits. The advantages of this approach is that element polling mechanism is

FluentWaitfluentWait=new FluentWait
(By.tagName("TextArea"));
//description of the element for which we want to poll
fluentWait.pollingEvery(300,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
//it will ping in every 3 seconds
fluentWait.withTimeOut(1000,TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
fluentWait.until(new Predicate(){
public boolean apply(By by)
{
return browser.findElement(by).isDisplayed();
}
catch(NoSuchElement ex)
{
return false;
}
}
});
browser.Element(By.tagName("TextArea")).sendKeys("Hi");

• • Using WebDriver Wait

public ExpectedCondition
visibilityElementLocated(final By by)
{
retuen new ExpectedCondition()
{
public WebElement apply(WebDriver driver)
{
WebElement element=driver.findElement(by);
return element.isDisplayed()?element:null;
}
};
}
public void performSomeAction(){
//your code
Wait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver,20);
WebElement element=wait.until(visibilityofElementLocated(By.tagName("a")));
}