While working with shared folder permissions, I wanted to document access and permissions of folders in readable format in automation way with PowerShell, You can see the permissions with below command of a folder. Access and permissions are in SDDL format, not in user friendly format to read, it contents SIDs, and permissions in shortform.

The Security Descriptor Definition Language (SDDL) is a format that characterizes a security descriptor as a text string in Windows. It also indicates string elements to explain the data contained within the components of a security descriptor. 

$acl = Get-Acl -Path C:\Windows

$acl.Sddl
O:S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464G:S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464D:PAI(A;OICIIO;GA;;;CO)(A;OICIIO;GA;;;SY)(A;;0x1301bf;;;SY)(A;OICIIO;GA;;;BA)(A;;0x1301bf;;;BA)(A;OICIIO;GXGR;;;BU)(A;;0x1200a9;;;BU)(A;CIIO;GA;;;S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464)(A;;FA;;;S-1-5-80-956008885-3418522649-1831038044-1853292631-2271478464)(A;;0x1200a9;;;AC)(A;OICIIO;GXGR;;;AC)(A;;0x1200a9;;;S-1-15-2-2)(A;OICIIO;GXGR;;;S-1-15-2-2)

To convert this SDDL to readable format use below command.

ConvertFrom-SddlString -Sddl $acl.Sddl

Owner            : NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller
Group            : NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller
DiscretionaryAcl : {NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM: AccessAllowed (AppendData, Delete, ExecuteFile, ExecuteKey, GenericExecute,
                   GenericRead, GenericWrite, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes,
                   ReadPermissions, Synchronize, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey),
                   BUILTIN\Administrators: AccessAllowed (AppendData, Delete, ExecuteFile, ExecuteKey, GenericExecute,
                   GenericRead, GenericWrite, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes,
                   ReadPermissions, Synchronize, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey),
                   BUILTIN\Users: AccessAllowed (ExecuteFile, GenericWrite, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData,
                   ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize), NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller: AccessAllowed
                   (AppendData, ChangePermissions, Delete, DeleteSubdirectoriesAndFiles, ExecuteFile, ExecuteKey,
                   FullControl, FullControl, FullControl, FullControl, GenericAll, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite,
                   Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions,
                   Synchronize, TakeOwnership, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey)…}
SystemAcl        : {}
RawDescriptor    : System.Security.AccessControl.CommonSecurityDescriptor

Although all the readable information is stored inside DiscretionaryAcl property, It is still not much in readable. To make it readable I am using below command.

(ConvertFrom-SddlString -Sddl $acl.Sddl).DiscretionaryAcl | foreach {$_ ; '-'*40}

NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM: AccessAllowed (AppendData, Delete, ExecuteFile, ExecuteKey, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey)
----------------------------------------
BUILTIN\Administrators: AccessAllowed (AppendData, Delete, ExecuteFile, ExecuteKey, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey)
----------------------------------------
BUILTIN\Users: AccessAllowed (ExecuteFile, GenericWrite, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize)
----------------------------------------
NT SERVICE\TrustedInstaller: AccessAllowed (AppendData, ChangePermissions, Delete, DeleteSubdirectoriesAndFiles, ExecuteFile, ExecuteKey, FullControl, FullControl, FullControl, FullControl, GenericAll, GenericExecute, GenericRead, GenericWrite, Modify, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize, TakeOwnership, Write, WriteAttributes, WriteData, WriteExtendedAttributes, WriteKey)
----------------------------------------
APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\ALL APPLICATION PACKAGES: AccessAllowed (ExecuteFile, GenericWrite, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize)
----------------------------------------
APPLICATION PACKAGE AUTHORITY\ALL RESTRICTED APPLICATION PACKAGES: AccessAllowed (ExecuteFile, GenericWrite, Read, ReadAndExecute, ReadAttributes, ReadData, ReadExtendedAttributes, ReadPermissions, Synchronize)
----------------------------------------

Another way of using .net object API with PowerShell to read the Security Descriptor information. In below example I am reading Security winevent from event viewer and converting SDDL to readable format.

PS C:\Users> $eventSDDL = (Get-WinEvent -FilterHashtable @{LogName='Security';Id='4907'})[0].Properties[-3].Value
PS C:\Users>
PS C:\Users> $sddlObj = New-Object -TypeName System.Security.AccessControl.DirectorySecurity
PS C:\Users>
PS C:\Users> $sddlObj.SetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm($eventSDDL) #$sddlObj.GetSecurityDescriptorSddlForm($eventSDDL)
PS C:\Users> $sddlObj.Access

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