George Elton Mayo was born. A pioneering figure in the field of Industrial Management and Human Relations - an influential research movement concerned with the study of organizational development within work groups - Mayo is best known for his involvement with the famous Harvard business school productivity studies conducted at the Hawthorne Western Electric Company in Cicero, Illinois which gave rise to the discovery of the Hawthorne Effect, a psychological phenomenon where participants in behavioral experiments modify their performance as a result of being observed.