Proponents of ancient astronaut theories often maintain that humans are either descendants or creations of beings who landed on Earth thousands of years ago. The most popular theory is that human knowledge, religion, and culture came from extraterrestrial visitors in ancient times. Ancient astronauts have been widely used as a plot device in science fiction, but the idea that ancient astronauts actually existed is not taken seriously by most academics.

Arguments can be made that the evidence for ancient astronauts comes from supposed gaps in historical and archaeological records, and they also maintain that absent or incomplete explanations of historical or archaeological data point to the existence of ancient astronauts. The evidence is said to include archaeological artifacts that are beyond the presumed technical capabilities of the historical cultures with which they are associated. This also includes artwork and legends that are interpreted as depicting extraterrestrial contact or technologies.

Notwithstanding these contentions, let us say that there is an axiom to the ancient astronaut theory. Then we need to ask, who were these beings? What did they represent to the inhabitants of Earth? Where are these beings the ancient Gods of antiquity?

Ra, the Eye of the Sun

P'TAH (Gods of Heaven came to Earth from the Celestial Disk) installed as Egypt's first Divine Ruler his own son RA. Once known as ATUM, he is probably the most important of Egyptian Gods and sails across the sky in his solar boat. The legend goes that mankind was formed from RA's tears. Need confirmation? Look above from the hot desert sands at the Sun...that's his all-powerful eye bearing down on you.

Ancient Egyptian legends tell of Tep Zepi, or the First Time. This is described as an age when "sky gods" came down to Earth and raised the land from mud and water. They supposedly flew through the air in flying "boats" and brought laws and wisdom to man through a royal line of pharaohs.

RA is said to have an unusual relationship with his wife, the Sky Goddess NUT. In the evening he sails through her mouth and then has to battle through her nightmare insides (The Milky Way). RA wends his way through twelve gates at the rate of one per hour avoiding malevolent monsters including the Snake God APEP who lies in wait hoping to go snatch him up. Once these perils are transversed, he then surfaces via NUT's birth canal to greet the new day. He's not alone in his journey. Other Gods - THOTH, MAAT, HATHOR, HORUS are the top cohorts, with ABTU, ANET, and KHEPRI closely watching for trouble. The night boat is called Mantchet, and the day boat is called Semketet, which they board to make their rounds. NUT gave birth to OSIRIS. At the time of OSIRIS' birth, a loud voice was heard all over the world, saying, "The lord of all the earth is born."

Many Gods try to emulate RA by adding his name to theirs for added glory. The most notable of these was AMUN-RA.

RA is the only god, apart from OSIRIS, who is definitely said to be not on the earth. RA, it is said, is an aging god, still powerful, but too old to deal with his children any longer, so he has gone exclusively to the sky to watch over the world. HORUS rules over the earth and the gods in his stead, demonstrating the divine right of kingship.

In the New Kingdom, the god AMUN rose to prominence and was fused with RA as AMUN-TA. During the Amarna Period, Akhenaten suppressed the cult of RA in favor of another solar deity, the ATEN, the deified solar disc, but after the death of Akhenaten the cult of RA was restored.

What can be extracted from this information? Despite the building of elaborate structures like the Great Pyramid or the knowledge of technology even before their use of the wheel, the Egyptians were a remarkable civilization with a rich and vibrant history. If they were helped by so-called Ancient Astronauts, it would not take away any of the greatness and inspiration they have left for subsequent generations.

The Children of Ra: Artistic, Historical, and Genetic Evidence for Ancient White Egypt

Egyptian Mythology: A Guide to the Gods, Goddesses, and Traditions of Ancient Egypt

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Huang-Di, Son of Heaven

Huang-Di (2697-2598 B.C.) is considered to be the first emperor of China and the ancestor of all Chinese. Huang Di, or the Yellow Emperor, is referred to as the "Originator of the Chinese Culture", and all people of the Chinese race regard themselves as descendants of Yan Di and Huang Di. According to many sources he was one of the legendary 'Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors'. Chinese scholars have argued whether Huang-Di was “real” or “mythical”. Depending on the source you use he has been described as a god-king, a mythical king, a real king, a god-like-king, a “son of the heavens” or a half-god. Chinese history suggests that he was real but not human.

Many ancient cultures have kings and rulers that have descended from the skies and referred to as “Gods” and their offspring, as a result of relations to humans, as “half-gods”. Chinese accounts are no different in this respect. According to legend, before Huang-Di was born there was “a radiance from the great star Chi and the Dipper Constellation (Ursa Major)”. His conception was marked by a “thunderclap on a clear day in the skies”. Huang-Di then begins his unification of China and is also credited with being a cultural hero, having brought traditional Chinese Medicine (including acupuncture) to the country. His wife taught the Chinese how to make silk. He was said to live in the Kunlun Mountains in the heart of Tibet. After he lived and ruled for over 100 years he is said to have prepared his “return to the skies”. Then a Dragon “descended from the sky and took Huang-Di away”. Some sources say that he did not die then but lived another 200 years in the Syuan Yuan stars (the Leo Constellation).

Huang-Di is also said to have authored a book called “Bai Ze Tu” which describes 11520 types of “shapeshifters, monsters, spirits, beings” in the Universe. This book is considered lost. Some sources also cite Huang-Di as having instructed Lao Tzu...the originator of Taoism.

Ancient accounts of Huang-Di refer to him as an inventor of odd mechanical devices. A machine called “the south-pointing chariot” helped him win various battles. Another odd device that Huang-Di is supposed to have invented is described as “a tripod”. This “tripod” was 4 meters in height and “100s of energies filled its inside” and made “odd noises”. According to legend, this tripod depicted “dragons flying in the clouds”. Furthermore, the tripod was set up at “Summit Lake Mountain” and “had to be pointed at the Syuan Yuan star” (the brightest star in this Constellation is Regulus). This is also the star Huang-Di is said to be from. Apparently this “tripod” was also able to store data and record the life and times of Huang-Di. Huang-Di’s “Dragon” is not described as some mythological creature but as a device to ascend to “the suns”...a means of transportation and more than three thousand years old.

The works on Huang-Di's life state that the dragon named 'Changhuan' covers an extreme distance in only one day and that any human who rides it can reach the age of two thousand years...a concept consistent with other worldwide legends and accounts of gravitational time dilation in regards to these “vehicles of the Gods”.

When the Huang-Di reached the age of just over a hundred years, he arranged his worldly affairs with his ministers and prepared for his journey back to the Heavens. The close of his long reign was glorified by the appearance of a phoenix and a mysterious animal known as the Qilin as tokens of his administration. The life of Huang-Di is celebrated annually by the Chinese people.

What can be extracted from this information? The start of Chinese culture has always been murky, they are a remarkable civilization with an uncommon and mysterious history. If the ancient Chinese were helped by so-called ancient astronauts, it would not take away any of the skills and traditions they have left for subsequent generations.

Finding God in Ancient China: How the Ancient Chinese Worshiped the God of the Bible

Huang Di Nei Jing Su Wen: An Annotated Translation of Huang Di's Inner Classic - Basic Questions: 2 volumes

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Krishna, The Divine Source

Krishna is usually regarded as an avatar of Vishnu and in some traditions considered the Supreme Being. Lord Krishna is the embodiment of love and divine joy, that destroys all pain and sin. He is the protector of sacred utterances and cows. Krishna is an instigator of all forms of knowledge and was born to establish the religion of love.

Tradition holds that Krishna saw Vishnu in a vision in which the former deity told Krishna to destroy Kamsa son of a demon, a tyrannical ruler of the world. Krishna's mother, Devaki, was Kamsa's half-sister. Kamsa already killed her first six sons because he had been told one of her sons would kill him. Krishna's elder brother, Devaki's seventh child, Balarama was miraculously saved by Vishnu.

Krishna was also saved when exchanged by his parents for the daughter of a herdsman Nanda and his wife Yasoda (the daughter was also a divine being, an incarnation of Maya). With his foster parents, Krishna spent a happy life playing boyish pranks and seducing the gopis (cow girls) and other rustic maidens. They found his flute playing irresistible. Legend has it he may have had 16,000 wives. But his favorite was Radha, the daughter of his foster father, and his childhood lover, although they did not marry.

According to legend, Krishna was not only divine but heroic as well. He is alleged to have defeated numerous dragons and monsters, and eventually as predicted, killed his half-uncle the tyrannical king Kamsa.

It was said that demi-gods or devas used to appear frequently to people and gave them technology and knowledge, they also interbred with the population. The Rishis were the keepers of the highest science and knowledge and they learned this from a "divine source".

Some examples of mortal and gods interaction:

Kunti got all her sons from the gods. She learned how to summon these gods from a Rishi who gave her a mantra for each god. Also, Kunti's father's grandfather was actually a naga (shape-shifting serpent)

Krishna's city of Dwarika and Ravan's city of Lanka were built by Vishwakarma, who was the chief architect and engineer of the demi-gods. Vishwakarma was also to transport entire land masses. He also revealed the art of mechanical engineering and architecture to humans. And made the weapon "Agneyastra".

The demi-god Indra was where Arjuna (who was his son) obtained all his celestial futuristic weapons and his vimana (aeroplane).

Krishna was "not of this Earth" and he knew all the demi-gods very well and they all revered him. In fact, Krishna was implanted into the womb of the mother of Krishna by a ray of light from the sky (virgin birth).

The story of Krishna also narrates the tale of how Shalva attacked the city of Dwarka with what appears to be a flying saucer.

On learning of Shishupala’s death, his friend, Salva, invoked Shiva and secured from him a flying saucer, a vimana that could travel anywhere in the world, in the air, on the ground, under the sea. Using this vimana, Salva launched an attack on Dwaraka determined to avenge his friend’s death. Both Krishna and Balarama were in Indraprastha attending Yudhishtira’s coronation when this happened. So the defense of the city was left to the other Yadavas. Dwaraka was pounded by missiles from the skies. Krishna’s sons and grandsons put up a brave fight but were no match for Salva. When news of the aerial attack on Dwaraka reached Krishna, he hurried home and entered the battlefield immediately. First, he shot an arrow with the Sharanga bow and brought Salva’s vimana down as if it were a bird. He then hurled the Kaumodaki mace and smashed the vimana to dust. Then raising the Nandaka sword, he beheaded Salva. The Yadavas were jubilant in victory.

Even the Ramayana talks about a flying chariot called pushpaka-vimana. To many the account of this chariot is not poetic imagination but historical evidence that airplanes existed in Vedic times. The chariot belonged to the yaksha-king Kubera. Ravana took it by force after driving Kubera out of Lanka. Ravana used the chariot to abduct Sita. After killing Ravana and rescuing Sita, Rama returned to the city of Ayodhya on this flying chariot.

Dwarka is a city and a municipality of Jamnagar district in the Gujarat state of India. Dwarka is rated as one of the seven most ancient cities in the country. The legendary city of Dvaraka was the dwelling place of Lord Krishna. It is believed that due to damage and destruction by the sea, Dvaraka has submerged six times and modern-day Dwarka is therefore the seventh such city to be built in the area.

Krishna was the charioteer during the War of Kurukshetra. While the war was in swing, Krishna was a witness to the death of Duryodhana (the eldest son of the blind king Dhritarashtra by Queen Gandhari and an avatar of the demon Kali). Immediately after, Krishna received the curse of Duryodhana`s mother, Gandhari for not rescuing his son. She was an ardent worshipper of Lord Vishnu and recognized Krishna as his incarnation. She equally believed and revered Krishna, but on seeing her son die she could not find any justification as to why Lord Krishna allowed such a thing to happen.

Gandhari cursed Lord Krishna that he would perish after thirty-six years, all alone and in a miserable state. All his followers, devotees, relatives, and loved ones will also die simultaneously. When this time arrived in Krishna`s life; madness seized the inhabitants of Dwaraka to such an extent that the people started to kill one another. All sons and grandsons of Krishna were also dead in the massacre. Only the women, Krishna and Balaram were alive in Dwaraka.

After a while, Balaram isolated himself in a dense forest. Lord Krishna then went to his father, took blessings, and left for the forest, where Balaram awaited him. He saw that his elder brother was sitting under a mighty tree on the fringes of the forest. Balaram was sitting in a posture of a Yogi, eventually a thousand-headed snake, `Ananta naga` came out from his mouth and glided its way to the ocean. Soon, the ocean and other holy rivers came together to welcome Anant Naga into their realm.

Lord Krishna saw his brother depart from the real world and he started to wander in the forest. Finally, he sat on the ground, started to think of Gandhari`s curse, and realized that the time for his departure had already arrived. He self-possessed his senses and concentrated on his Yoga. A hunter approached that spot in the forest and from a distance saw him and thought to be a deer. He loosed his shaft, took out the arrow, and mistakenly pierced Lord Krishna`s foot. He came hurried near to the Lord and saw him to be a man wrapped in yellow robes practicing yoga. The hunter immediately touched the feet of Lord Krishna and asked for an apology.

Lord Krishna opened his eyes and comforted the hunter, then ascended towards heaven, thus filling the whole sky with glory. After passing through Indra`s paradise, he reached his place at even higher strata. Krishna's wives; including Rukmini became Sati and burned themselves on the pyre. The rest of the women of Dwaraka became ascetics and nuns. After each and every living being of Dwaraka moved away to other places, the ocean came about and engulfed the city, thus leaving no trace of the land of Lord Krishna.

Krishna: The Beautiful Legend of God: (Srimad Bhagavata Purana Book X) (Penguin Classics) (Bk.10)

The Complete Life of Krishna: Based on the Earliest Oral Traditions and the Sacred Scriptures

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Anu, Lord of the Great Above

To the Sumerians and all of Mesopotamia, Anu was a sky god, the god of heaven, lord of constellations, and the father not only of all the gods but also of evil spirits and demons, most prominently the demoness Lamashtu, who preyed on infants. He was the father of the Anunnaku (also spelled Anunnaki). It was believed that he had the power to judge those who had committed crimes and that he had created the stars as soldiers to destroy the wicked. His attribute was a royal tiara decorated with two pairs of bull horns. His symbol resembles somewhat a Maltese cross, representing as it appears the four points of the compass and hence the entire heavens. His bow, which is frequently mentioned, can probably be identified as the Milky Way.

Anu possesses vast powers of an unknown nature, which seem to surpass the powers of any other Mesopotamian god. Magical in their form and nature, these powers can be employed in numerous forms. He can project rays of mystical forms resembling modern lasers that can explode on impact and erect shields and objects such as thrones and ships from this energy. He can also create dimensional portals at will to travel between Earth and Heaven and create spells that augment or enforce spells already in existence. He can project his image, voice, or energy bolts from heaven to earth and even place bondage spells powerful enough to bond individuals to certain realms. Anu seems to have limited precognitive and sensory awareness to perceive facts and information from beyond time and space.

Anu was considered part of a triad including Enlil, god of the air, and Enki, god of water. In the Code of Hammurabi, it is said that the goddess Inanna (or Antum) of Ereck may at one time have been his consort. Anu is so prominently associated with the city of Erech in southern Babylonia that there are good reasons for believing this place to have been the original seat of the Anu cult. Anu was the god of the 'great above', and the son of the first pair of gods, Ansar and Kisar, descendant of Apsu and Tiamat.

In Sumerian cosmology, there was, first of all, the primeval sea, from which was born the cosmic mountain consisting of heaven, 'An', and earth, 'Ki'. They were separated by Enlil, then Anu carried off to the heavens, and Enlil to the earth.

According to the Earth Chronicles series by Zecharia Sitchin, the wife of Anu was a fertility goddess and the mother of the gods; her cult was centered in Munster. However, Anu was one of the Anunnaki who came from the planet Nibiru (Marduk). According to Sitchin's theories on Sumerian legend and lore, the Anunnaki arrived first on Earth probably 400,000 years ago, looking for minerals, especially gold, which they found and mined gold in Africa.

After ruling for 9 years of his own, Anu was dethroned by his son, Enlil. There have been comparisons between the myth of Anu's dethronement to that of the Greek myth concerning Zeus and his father, Cronos. Like Cronos, Anu was castrated by his son with a bronze sickle.

Anu cursed Enlil to have three miserable sons for his disobedience and escaped. He retires to the upper heavens where Anu welcomed most of the gods into this new realm he called Celestial Dilmun, but Enlil, now calling himself Dagon, was soon overthrown by his brother Hadad, now called Baal. He confined both of them to Earth and after both of them were ousted as rulers, he confined both of them to separate kingdoms in the underworld. From the heavens, Anu reclaimed his role as King of the gods.

The Epic of Gilgamesh: An English Verison with an Introduction

Myths from Mesopotamia: Creation, the Flood, Gilgamesh, and Others (Oxford World's Classics)

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The Wandjina, Dreamtime Artists

In 1838, a party led by Captain George Grey stumbled across paintings in the Kimberley district of Western Australia that have been the subject of controversy ever since. Exploring among the hills near the Prince Regent River, Grey's group found several caves in which many extraordinary figures were painted.

Describing the main painting in one of the caves Grey investigated, he wrote in his journal that "It was the figure of a man, ten feet 6 inches [3.2 meters] in length, clothed from the chin downwards in a red garment, which reached to the wrist and ankles"

"...The face and head of the figure were enveloped in a succession of circular bandages or rollers...these were colored red, yellow, and white: and the eyes were the only features represented on the face. Upon the highest bandage or roller, a series of lines were painted in red, but...it was impossible to tell whether they were intended to depict written characters or some ornament for the head.."

Grey continued to state that the paintings: "...had the appearance of being much more defaced, and ancient, than any of the others that the party had seen".

Wandjina (the spirit in the cloud), as the paintings have become known, has given rise to many theories. Some people contend that the Wandjina represent visiting extraterrestrials, with their spherical helmets to protect them from our earthly environment. The existing rock art has depicted them as having huge upper bodies and large heads. Their faces show eyes and noses but typically lack mouths. Around the heads of Wandjinas, there appears to be lightning and feathers.

To the Australian Aborigines, the Wandjina (or Wondjina) were cloud and rain spirits who, during the Dreamtime, painted their images (as humans but without mouths) on cave walls. Dreamtime is a sacred era in which ancestral Totemic Spirit Beings formed The Creation. It has been said if the Wandjina had mouths, the rain would never cease. They also lacked limbs and had a skull-like face. Their ghosts still exist in small ponds. Walaganda, one of the Wandjina, became the Milky Way.

The Wandjinas have common colors of black, red, and yellow on a white background. Wandjinas are believed to have made the sea, the earth, and all its inhabitants. The Wandjina is thought to have special powers and if offended, can cause flooding and intense lightning. The paintings are still believed to have special powers and therefore are to be approached cautiously.

Aboriginal actor-historian Ben Blakenley tells of "The Legend of the Silver Bird", "Long long ago, far back in the Dream Time, a great red colored egg (spaceship) came down from the skies. It tried to land safely on the ground but broke (crash-landed). Out of it emerged white-skinned culture heroes (gods) and their children."

"The children's elders soon died, either through their old age or because they could not accustom themselves to our atmosphere. The children however were young and able to adapt more easily to their new surroundings. They carved and painted the likenesses of their parents upon cave walls to perpetuate their memory. In time the great red colored egg rusted away until its remains had merged with the ground, thus creating the red soil of Central Australia. The children of the culture heroes who came from the sky grew in numbers until they eventually populated the whole land, their skins turning black due to the hot climate."

Scholars have long argued whether these are visiting astronauts and their spacecraft, or mythical culture heroes and toltemic designs. Ufologists have pointed out that many of these puzzling shapes are similar to UFO shapes which have been sighted and reported in the 20th century. The implication is that 15,000 years ago strange shapes were observed in the skies. Whether these were spacecraft containing ancient astronauts remains unknown. There is evidence both for and against the theory of ancient astronauts and that they may once have visited and had some influence on the ancient history of Australia.

An ancient astronaut legend comes from the Blue Mountains of New South Wales. This was told by the Dharuk tribe which formerly occupied a vast area stretching from the Hawkesbury River-Sydney District across to the western slopes of the Blue Mountains. The legend concerns "Biramee the Bird Man," who laid a great egg near what is now the town of Linden, from which the ancestors of the Aborigines hatched.

Another legend contends that Biame, the Sky God, came down from the sky in a big dreamtime hunt across the Blue Mountains. He gave the Aborigines the spear thrower and the boomerang, teaching them how to hunt their food and also to make fire...then he returned to the sky from whence he had come. The carvings not only depict Biame but also many strange little figures which were also the totemic figures of the various tribal groups that peopled the area. Among these totemic figures carved on the stone is a strange fish-like object which some have theorized to be space-craft. They also point to a strange human figure clad in garments that could be said to resemble an astronaut; others see a resemblance between this figure and an Egyptian soldier equipped with a helmet and shield and say that the above creation myth is more reminiscent of those of the Middle East.

Although these finds may not be proof of extraterrestrial civilizations having visited Earth in antiquity, there is certainly evidence that could be said to lend considerable weight to the ancient astronaut theory in Australia. The evidence primarily consists of archaeological finds which imply the former existence on this continent of a race of non-aboriginal men who inhabited Australia before the dawn of history, and who have left behind them traces of a vast astronomical knowledge. Similar features are to be found elsewhere throughout the ancient world. However, the mystery remains as to how these ancient peoples came by their knowledge often without sophisticated equipment which is only now available to modern man.

Wandjina: children of the Dreamtime: Aboriginal myths and legends.

Dreamkeepers: A Spirit-Journey into Aboriginal Australia

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