INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS was founded in 1885, a 135-year-old political Party which  is popularly known as the “Mother” of various political parties in the Country, a party which was formed by a retired British Civil Servant A.O Hume, it was formed on the basis of 2 theories, Nationalist theory and Safety Valve theory.

The purpose of formation of the party was:

1.  To represent India as a whole.
2.  To work as a channel between Educated Indians and British Indian Government.

Since the party has formed it saw various splits before and after independence, themost prominent splits in the party after independence are:

1. 1951: Leader J.B Kripalani left the party and formed his own party named Kisan Majdoor Praja Party
2. 1956: Leader C. Rajogopalachari left the party and made his own party named Indian National Democratic Congress
3. 1964: Leader K.M George left and formed Kerela Congress
4. 1969 Indira Gandhi left the party and formed Congress (R)
5. In the same year K. Kamaraj and Morarji Desai left the party and formed Congress(O)
6. 1980: Congress(A) came out of the party and the person involved was A.K Anthony
7. 1994: Leaders N.D Tiwari, Natwar Singh with some other leaders left the party and formed All India Indira Congress (also known as Tiwari Congress)
8.  1997: Leader Mamata Banerjee left the Bengal Unit of Congress and formed her own party All India Trinamool Congress
9.  1991:  Sharad Pawar, a leader from Maharashtra Congress left the party and formed Nationalist Congress Party
10. In the same year, Mufti Mohammed Sayeed left the J&K Congress and formed Jammu and Kashmir People’s Democratic Party

Present Times:

1.  2003: Leader Neiphiu Rio left the party and formed Naga People’s front
2.  2011: Jaganmohan Reddy left the party and formed YSR Congress in Andhra Pradesh
3.  2014: Nallari Kiran Kumar Reddy left the Andhra Pradesh Congress and formed Jai Samaikyandhra Party
4.  2016: Ajit Jogi left the party in Chattisgarh and formed Chhattisgarh Janata Congress

Many of these leaders and their parties gained prominent support and got successful too, like the TMC of Mamata Banerjee in West Bengal, NCP of Sharad Pawar in Maharashtra etc.

 Most Recent Times:

Recent examples of breaking up and split in the Indian National Congress Party (Congress (I)) which was Congress(R) in the past:

Jyotiraditya Scindia, a prominent leader along with his supporter MLAs in Madhya Pradesh Congress left the party sometime after the Madhya Pradesh Elections and joined hands with BJP and he gave the main reason for leaving Congress that after winning in the state the Madhya Pradesh Government did not fulfilled its promises made to the people of the state highlighting most important promise of loan waiver of farmers and giving unemployment allowance to the youth.

Sachin Pilot, another prominent leader along with his MLAs in Rajasthan Congress recently left the party as he was not happy with the rewardhe was given for his contribution in making Congress win over Rajasthan as in he was dissatisfied with the way he was side-lined when the time came to choose the CM of Rajasthan.

Prominent Reasons:

Each leader which left the party after independence till contemporary times had their own reasons, following are the most prominent reasons for which the party lost its young leaders in the past and present times:

1. Young v/s Old Divide of the party High Command: In the recent years it has been seen that the party high Command has been divided over giving priority to Senior and loyal leaders & Young leaders in the sense that party High Command always gave importance to Senior and experienced leaders specifically when Mrs. Sonia Gandhi has been the party President. When Rahul Gandhi became the party President for a short period of time, he gave priority to Young leaders but still due to not being able to show unity between the party High Command, young leaders got eventually “side-lined”.

2. “One Family Party”: It has always been said by other political parties that the present Congress party is a party of “One Family” and because of that what the family decides is the decision of the party and also a lack of unity sometimes , also internal conflicts , difference in ideologies , difference in opinion , which has been seen in past but most importantly in the recent times.

3. Dissatisfaction: It has also been seen since past times that the leaders who left the party were dissatisfied by the functioning of party and its leadership.

4. Lack of say and opportunity: Many leaders stated that there is a lack of opportunity, say and exposure in the party specifically for the young leaders, they said there is no place of hardworking people and young talent in the party. Various other young leaders like Milind Deora, Jitin Prasad among some others also seem dissatisfied with the party at times reason being not given any responsibility & role and getting “side-lined”, though these leaders have not left the party but at times gave indications of leaving the party.

It can be concluded that as there has been splits in the party over time, the young leaders who are leaving the party have various options after leaving it , some of them are forming a new political party of their own or join other political parties like BJP, AAP etc. , this way there are possibilities of divided seat share Congress party and also it leads to party losing to its competitors.

Here also comes the role of regional parties like AAP in Delhi , JDU in Bihar  , TMC in West Bengal etc. have the same ideology which Congress has but due to conflicts are rivalries of Congress , these are more successful in terms of standing against BJP as compared to Congress itself due to their regional presence and specific importance in their particular regions.

Another important factor is the support the leader has in his/her state considering his/her hard work and sometimes how much popular the leader is also matters.

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