What is Trigger Finger? Symptoms and Treatment of Trigger Finger

Trigger finger, also known as stenosing tenosynovitis, is a condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb. It is characterized by the inability to straighten or bend the affected digit smoothly. This condition occurs when the flexor tendon becomes inflamed or irritated, causing it to thicken and develop nodules. These nodules can then get caught in the tendon sheath, making it difficult for the finger to move.

The exact cause of trigger finger is often unknown, but certain factors can increase the risk of developing this condition. These include repetitive hand movements, such as gripping or grasping objects, rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, and certain medical conditions that affect the connective tissues. Trigger finger is more common in women and individuals between the ages of 40 and 60.

The symptoms of trigger finger usually develop gradually and may include:

1. Finger stiffness: The affected finger may feel stiff, especially in the morning or after periods of inactivity.

2. Finger locking: The finger may lock in a bent or straight position and require manual manipulation to move.

3. Finger popping or clicking: When the finger is moved, it may make a popping or clicking sound.

4. Finger pain or tenderness: The affected finger may be painful or tender to touch.

5. Finger swelling: The finger may appear swollen or feel swollen to the touch.

If left untreated, trigger finger can progress and cause more severe symptoms, such as the inability to fully straighten or bend the finger. In some cases, the finger may become stuck in a bent position, requiring medical intervention to release it.

Treatment for trigger finger depends on the severity of the symptoms. In mild cases, conservative measures may be sufficient to alleviate the symptoms. These include:

1. Rest: Avoiding activities that aggravate the symptoms and giving the finger time to rest can help reduce inflammation and promote healing.

2. Splinting: Wearing a splint or brace on the affected finger can help keep it in a straight position and prevent further irritation.

3. Finger exercises: Performing gentle exercises to improve finger mobility and flexibility can be beneficial. These exercises may include finger stretches and range-of-motion exercises.

4. Applying heat or cold: Applying heat or cold packs to the affected finger can help reduce pain and inflammation.

5. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): Over-the-counter NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen, can help reduce pain and inflammation associated with trigger finger.

If conservative measures fail to provide relief or if the symptoms are severe, medical intervention may be necessary. Some treatment options for trigger finger include:

1. Corticosteroid injections: Injecting a corticosteroid medication into the tendon sheath can help reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. This is often the first-line treatment for trigger finger.

2. Hand therapy: Working with a hand therapist can help improve finger mobility and strength. The therapist may use techniques such as ultrasound, massage, and exercises to promote healing and reduce symptoms.

3. Surgical intervention: In severe cases or when other treatments have failed, surgery may be recommended. The surgical procedure, known as a trigger finger release, involves cutting the tendon sheath to allow the tendon to move freely.

Recovery from trigger finger treatment varies depending on the severity of the condition and the chosen treatment method. In most cases, conservative measures or corticosteroid injections provide significant relief within a few weeks. Surgical intervention may require a longer recovery period, with full recovery taking several weeks to months.

In conclusion, trigger finger is a condition that affects the tendons in the fingers or thumb, causing difficulty in finger movement. It can be caused by repetitive hand movements, certain medical conditions, or unknown factors. The symptoms include finger stiffness, locking, popping or clicking, pain or tenderness, and swelling. Treatment options range from conservative measures such as rest and splinting to corticosteroid injections or surgical intervention. Prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment can help alleviate symptoms and restore normal finger function.