What is Ruam Disease?

Ruam Disease, also known as Ruam Mit disease, is a rare genetic disorder that primarily affects the Thai population. It is an autosomal recessive disorder, meaning that both parents must carry the mutated gene for their child to inherit the disease. Ruam Disease is characterized by a range of symptoms, including intellectual disability, facial abnormalities, and skeletal abnormalities.

One of the most prominent features of Ruam disease is intellectual disability. Individuals with this condition typically have below-average intelligence and may struggle with learning and cognitive tasks. The severity of intellectual disability can vary among affected individuals, with some having mild impairment and others having more severe limitations.

Facial abnormalities are another common characteristic of Ruam disease. These abnormalities can include a prominent forehead, widely spaced eyes, a flat nasal bridge, and a small mouth. The facial features may become more pronounced with age, and individuals with Ruam disease may have a distinct appearance that sets them apart from others.

Skeletal abnormalities are also prevalent in Ruam disease. These can include short stature, joint deformities, and abnormalities in the bones of the hands and feet. Some individuals may also have scoliosis, a sideways curvature of the spine. These skeletal abnormalities can cause physical limitations and may require medical intervention or assistive devices to manage.

In addition to these primary symptoms, individuals with Ruam disease may also experience other health issues. These can include heart defects, hearing loss, vision problems, and seizures. The severity and specific combination of these additional symptoms can vary among affected individuals.

The exact cause of Ruam disease is not yet fully understood. It is believed to be caused by mutations in a gene called SLC25A24, which is responsible for producing a protein involved in the transport of molecules across the inner mitochondrial membrane. These mutations disrupt the normal functioning of the protein, leading to the symptoms associated with Ruam disease.

Diagnosis of Ruam disease is typically based on clinical evaluation and genetic testing. A thorough physical examination, including assessment of facial features and skeletal abnormalities, can help in the diagnosis. Genetic testing can confirm the presence of mutations in the SLC25A24 gene.

Unfortunately, there is currently no cure for Ruam disease. Treatment focuses on managing the symptoms and providing support to affected individuals and their families. This may involve interventions such as special education programs, physical therapy, and occupational therapy to help individuals reach their full potential and improve their quality of life.

Due to the rarity of Ruam disease, there is limited information available on its prevalence and incidence. It is primarily found in the Thai population, suggesting a higher prevalence in this ethnic group. However, more research is needed to determine the exact prevalence and incidence rates of Ruam disease.

In conclusion, Ruam disease is a rare genetic disorder characterized by intellectual disability, facial abnormalities, and skeletal abnormalities. It primarily affects the Thai population and is caused by mutations in the SLC25A24 gene. While there is currently no cure for Ruam disease, early diagnosis and appropriate interventions can help manage the symptoms and improve the quality of life for affected individuals. Further research is needed to better understand this condition and develop potential treatments.