Oracle Database 12c introduces new Administrative privileges that are more task-specific and least privileged to support specific administrative tasks.

The SYSDBA administrative privilege is not altered for backward compatibility.

There are 3 new administrative privileges in Oracle Database 12c – SYSBACKUP, SYSDG and SYSKM.

SYSBACKUP – this administrative privilege allows you to perform Oracle RMAN Backup and recovery operations from Oracle RMAN or using SQL, STARTUP, SHUTDOWN and other operations.

SYSDG – this administrative privilege allows you to perform Data Guard operations with Data Guard Broker or the DGMGRL command-line interface, and STARTUP and SHUTDOWN and other operations.

SYSKM – this administrative privilege allows you to manage transparent data encryption keystore operations.

These privileges enable you to connect to the database eve if the database is not open.

Once you connected to any of the above privileges, you are connected under a predefined user whose name is the privilege name. Each privilege is tied to a specific user.

SQL>connect / as SYSBACKUP

SQL>show user

USER is “SYSBACKUP”

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