Synchronization techniques in Selenium

Synchronization techniques in Selenium ensure that your test scripts run smoothly by managing timing issues between the test automation code and the web application under test. There are three main synchronization techniques in Selenium: Implicit Wait, Explicit Wait and Fluent Wait.

Examples

// Example 1: Implicit Wait
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);

// Example 2: Explicit Wait
WebDriverWait wait = new WebDriverWait(driver, 10);
wait.until(ExpectedConditions.visibilityOfElementLocated(By.id("dynamicElement")));

// Example 3: Fluent Wait
Wait fluentWait = new FluentWait(driver)
    .withTimeout(Duration.ofSeconds(30))
    .pollingEvery(Duration.ofSeconds(5))
    .ignoring(NoSuchElementException.class);

FAQ (interview questions and answers)

1. What is an Implicit Wait in Selenium?
   A wait applied globally throughout the WebDriver instance
   A wait for a specific condition to be met
   A wait until a specific element becomes visible
   
2. What is an Explicit Wait in Selenium?
   A wait applied globally throughout the WebDriver instance
   A wait for a specific condition to be met
   A wait until a specific element becomes visible
   
3. What is a Fluent Wait in Selenium?
   A wait applied globally throughout the WebDriver instance
   A wait for a specific condition to be met
   A flexible wait that defines the maximum amount of time to wait for a condition
   
4. Why is synchronization important in Selenium?
   To prevent timing issues between test automation code and web application
   To speed up test execution
   To stop test execution
   
5. What problem can occur if synchronization is not handled properly in Selenium?
   Unexpected failures and timing issues between test automation code and web application
   Improved performance of test scripts
   Improved readability of test scripts
   

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