AI And Design
Developing human-centered, physics-based, and AI-enabled design methods for creating engineering products and systems that address societal challenges
Design combines engineering, business, the arts, and the social sciences to tackle complex societal challenges. Designers use machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI) to work at the interface between technology and society. In collaboration with the Segal Design Institute and the Center for Human-Computer Interaction+Design, we develop human-centered design principles, collective-innovation platforms, and AI-enabled computational design methods.
View AI and design faculty
Research Area Subtopics Design researchers brainstorming human computationand social computing systems. (E. Gerber) Human-centered DesignTechnology has infiltrated every aspect of our lives from how we work and learn to how we play and socialize. We blend engineering and social sciences to build novel socio-technical systems to augment human behavior and develop theories of society and technology interactions. We consider the context in which the systems are deployed and the human cognition, emotion, and behavior and the ways in which the technology can support, complement, or augment human ability.
A human demonstrates a behavior for a robot arm tolearn. (B. Argall) AI for Physical Human-machine InteractionArtificial Intelligence (AI) is revolutionizing human-machine interaction through methods such as natural language processing, computer vision, machine learning, and neurotechnology. We exploit and enhance machine learning and AI techniques in the design of engineering systems that involve human-machine interaction, such as human-in-the-loop control systems, surface haptic technology, cyber manufacturing, human-robot co-adaption, swarm robots, and rehabilitation devices.
Data-driven topology optimization of heterogeneousmetamaterial systems. (W. Chen, L. Wang) Physics-based Machine LearningThe rapid growth of machine learning and AI techniques has augmented engineers' ability to model complex phenomena. We study physics-based machine learning using multi-modal data from simulations, experiments, on-line sensors, and expert knowledge for rapid predictive modeling, uncertainty quantification, and design. Applications include multiscale modeling and design, manufacturing process control, and creation of cyber-physical systems.
Nanostructure optimization in design of organicphotovoltaic solar cells. (W. Chen, J. Munshi, andG. Balasubramanian) Design of Engineered Materials SystemsWe accelerate the discovery of novel materials and their deployment into engineering systems by leveraging our strengths in mechanics, materials, manufacturing, and design. In particular, we develop novel design representations and data-driven design optimization approaches, leading to novel materials and structures associated with soft matter, composites, quantum materials, and metamaterials, that exhibit multiple functionalities such as impact resistance, light weight, friction reduction, and energy saving.
A bioinspired artificial whisker system. (M. Hartmann) Bioinspired Design and SynthesisWhen using nature as inspiration we learn from a system that has evolved resilience, adaptability, and efficiency for over 3 billion years. Using bioinspired design approaches, we translate biological knowledge into the design of innovative products and processes such as underwater robotics, metamaterials, optics, and 3D nano synthesis.
ME Faculty Brenna ArgallAssociate Professor of Computer Science
Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering
Associate Professor of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Email Brenna Argall
Jian CaoCardiss Collins Professor of Mechanical Engineering and (by courtesy) Civil and Environmental Engineering and Materials Science and Engineering
Director, Northwestern Initiative for Manufacturing Science and Innovation (NIMSI)
Email Jian Cao
Horacio EspinosaJames N. And Nancy J. Farley Professor in Manufacturing & Entrepreneurship
Director, Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Program
Director of the Institute for Cellular Engineering Technologies
Professor of Mechanical Engineering and (by courtesy) Biomedical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering
Email Horacio Espinosa
Elizabeth GerberProfessor of Mechanical Engineering and (by courtesy) Computer Science
Professor of Communication Studies
Co-Director, Center for Human Computer Interaction + Design
Email Elizabeth Gerber
Sinan KetenProfessor and Associate Chair of Mechanical Engineering and Civil and Environmental Engineering and (by courtesy) Biomedical Engineering
June and Donald Brewer Professor
Email Sinan Keten
Wing LiuWalter P. Murphy Professor of Mechanical Engineering & Civil and Environmental Engineering and (by courtesy) Materials Science and Engineering
Email Wing Liu
Courtesy Faculty Jennifer DunnAssociate Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering
Director, Center for Engineering Sustainability and Resilience
Associate Director, Northwestern-Argonne Institute of Science and Engineering
Email Jennifer Dunn
Julio OttinoWalter P. Murphy Professor of Chemical and Biological Engineering and (by courtesy) Mechanical Engineering
Distinguished Robert R. McCormick Institute Professor
Email Julio Ottino
How AI Is Fundamentally Altering The Business Landscape
Head over to our on-demand library to view sessions from VB Transform 2023. Register Here
Over the past year, we've witnessed dramatic strides in AI development and huge shifts in public perceptions of the technology. Chatbots like OpenAI's ChatGPT and LLMs like GPT-4 have demonstrated remarkable abilities to communicate fluently and perform at or near the highest level on a broad range of cognitive assessments. Companies that are integral to the AI ecosystem (like Nvidia) have seen their market caps soar. Talk of an AI arms race among tech giants like Google and Microsoft is ubiquitous.
Despite all the excitement surrounding AI, there has been no shortage of consternation — from concerns about job displacement, the spread of disinformation, and AI-powered cyberattacks all the way to fears of existential risk. Although it's essential to test and deploy AI responsibly, it's unlikely that we will see significant regulatory changes within the next year (which will widen the gap between leaders and followers in the field). Large, data-rich AI leaders will likely see massive benefits while competitors that fall behind on the technology — or companies that provide products and services that are under threat from AI — are at risk of losing substantial value.
There will be winners and losers in the AI race, but AI pessimists are discounting the creativity and productivity that the technology will unleash. Yes, job losses are inevitable, but so are job gains. The most successful companies won't fight the tide of change — they will figure out how to take part in one of the greatest technological revolutions we have ever witnessed.
Innovation will counteract dislocationThere's no doubt that AI will replace many roles that exist today — data entry clerks, content creators, paralegals, customer service agents and millions of other workers may discover that their careers are about to take an unexpected turn. Accenture expects 40% of all working hours to be affected by LLMs alone, as "language tasks account for 62% of the total time employees work." The World Economic Forum's 2023 Future of Jobs Report projects that the proportion of tasks done by machines will jump from 34% to 43% by 2027.
EventVB Transform 2023 On-Demand
Did you miss a session from VB Transform 2023? Register to access the on-demand library for all of our featured sessions.
Register NowThat said, it's always wise to bet on human creativity and resilience. As some roles become redundant, there will be increased demand for AI auditors and ethicists, prompt engineers, information security analysts, and so on. There will also be surging demand for educational resources focused on AI. PwC reports that a remarkable 74% of workers say they're "ready to learn a new skill or completely retrain to keep themselves employable" — an encouraging sign that employees recognize the importance of adapting to new technological and economic realities. Perhaps this is why 73% of American workers believe technology will improve their job prospects.
Companies should take advantage of these sentiments by focusing on talent mobility and professional development, which will simultaneously prepare their workforces for the AI era and improve retention in a stubbornly tight labor market. Beyond internal training, we're seeing the emergence of third-party educational services focused on AI, data science, cybersecurity and many other forward-looking subjects – a trend that will likely pick up momentum in the coming years. Amid all the dire headlines about AI-fueled job losses, it's important to remember how adaptable human beings can be.
Managing AI risk will be a core priorityOn top of the economic shocks that will be caused by AI, the technology poses many other dangers that companies and consumers will need to account for in the coming years. AI-powered cyberattacks, problems with bias and transparency, copyright infringement, and the large-scale production of inaccurate information are all risks that are becoming increasingly urgent. The ways we manage these risks will have sweeping implications for the deployment and adoption of AI in the coming years.
Take the potential role of AI in cyberattacks. According to Verizon's 2023 Data Breach Investigations Report, almost three-quarters of data breaches involve a human element, which is why cybercriminals often rely on social engineering attacks such as phishing. LLMs are capable of producing limitless quantities of coherent and compelling text in an instant, which could give cybercriminals a powerful tool for scaling up phishing attacks (these attacks are dependent upon convincing victims to click on malicious content with realistic-sounding text). Check Point Research has already identified "attempts by Russian cybercriminals to bypass OpenAI's restrictions."
Companies will increase their cybersecurity investments to keep pace with these developments, and we will likely see major AI-enabled cyberattacks in the near future. It will be necessary to update approaches to cybersecurity training to account for the threat posed by AI. Phishing attempts, for instance, will be harder to spot because cybercriminals will use LLMs to produce convincing (and less error-filled) text. The companies in the best position to succeed during the AI revolution are the ones that are considering the risks now and updating their compliance protocols, HR policies and cybersecurity platforms to account for the dangers of AI while leveraging its benefits.
AI will fundamentally transform the business environmentChatGPT soared to 100 million monthly active users in just two months, which makes it the fastest-growing consumer application of all time. While large tech companies with access to enormous amounts of data and leading minds in the field will have significant first-mover advantages, many startups will develop innovative implementations for AI in the near future. The economic impact of AI will go far beyond the development of the technology itself.
For example, the fusion of AI and robotics — as well as new collaborations between mechanical, electrical and software engineers — will dramatically shrink innovation cycle times, error rates and costs. Over the next year, AI-led disruption will swiftly pick up momentum: Workforces will shift, there will be drastic fluctuations in market share and valuations, and slow AI adopters will lose traction quickly. There will also be many false starts — while some companies will generate staggering returns, others will fall for misdirected hype and run into dead ends. The most successful startups will find a way to capitalize on network effects around data acquisition and partnerships with first movers.
It's impossible to know exactly what the business landscape will look like as AI rapidly improves and proliferates. But one thing is certain: Forward-thinking companies are right to focus on AI now — they just have to be cognizant of the risks along with the potential rewards.
Mark Sherman is managing partner at Telstra Ventures.
DataDecisionMakersWelcome to the VentureBeat community!
DataDecisionMakers is where experts, including the technical people doing data work, can share data-related insights and innovation.
If you want to read about cutting-edge ideas and up-to-date information, best practices, and the future of data and data tech, join us at DataDecisionMakers.
You might even consider contributing an article of your own!
Read More From DataDecisionMakers
Department Of Mechanical Engineering
Professor Emeritus: Terry E. Shoup
Associate Professor Emeritus: Timothy Hight
Professors: Christopher Kitts, Hohyun Lee (Department Chair), M. Godfrey Mungal
Associate Professors: Mohammad A. Ayoubi, Drazen Fabris, On Shun Pak, Panthea Sepehrband, Michael Taylor
Lecturers: Robert Marks, Calvin Tszeng, Peter Woytowitz
Mechanical Engineering applies the fields of physics, mathematics, and materials science to the design and realization of mechanical and thermal systems. For over a century mechanical engineers have played a central role in creating the infrastructure of modern society, while addressing the emerging interdisciplinary challenges of tomorrow. The undergraduate curriculum provides a rigorous theoretical foundation coupled with hands-on laboratories and projects. Mechanical engineering students have the opportunity to make real connections with faculty and work with them on cutting-edge research. Rooted in the Jesuit tradition, our curriculum challenges students to consider the moral, ethical, and social impacts of engineering, while supporting entrepreneurial thinking. Combined with the breadth of the core curriculum, the mechanical engineering program trains the whole person to create engineers of conscience, competence, and compassion.
The undergraduate Mechanical Engineering Program will educate students who:
Become successful professionals, demonstrating their knowledge and depth of understanding of mechanical engineering in industry, or further academic studies.
Develop ethical and innovative engineering solutions that meet our responsibilities to society and the environment, based on fundamental principles using modern analysis techniques, testing, and validation, and guided by the concepts of competence, conscience, and compassion.
Work in a team environment, communicate effectively, share their knowledge and expertise, and exercise leadership as appropriate.
Are dedicated to lifelong learning and personal growth for the betterment of society and to meet the challenges and obligations of tomorrow.
In addition to fulfilling the undergraduate Core Curriculum requirements for the bachelor of science degree, students majoring in mechanical engineering must complete a minimum of 192 units and the following department requirements:
English
Mathematics and Natural Science
MATH 11, 12, 13, 14
AMTH 106 or MATH 22
MECH103/R
AMTH 118 or MATH 166
CHEM 11/11L
PHYS 31, 32, 33
MECH 15/15L
Engineering
ENGR 1/1L
CENG 41, 43/43L
MECH 45/45L
ELEN 50/50L or PHYS 70
MECH 10L, 11, 12L, 101L, 114, 115, 121, 122/122L, 123/123L, 140, 141/141L, 142/142L, 160/160L, 194, 195, 196
Technical Electives
The Department of Mechanical Engineering offers a combined degree program leading to the bachelor of science and a master of science open to mechanical engineering majors. Under the combined degree program, an undergraduate student begins taking courses required for a master's degree before completing the requirements for the bachelor's degree and can complete the requirements for a master of science in mechanical engineering at the end of the fifth year.
Undergraduate students admitted to the combined degree program may begin taking graduate classes during their senior year. They are required to enroll in the program between February of their junior year and December of their senior year. Students in this program will receive their bachelor's degree after satisfying the standard undergraduate degree requirements. To earn the master of science degree, students must fulfill all the requirements for the degree, including the completion of 46 units of coursework beyond that applied to their bachelor's degree and completion of thesis culminating experience. No course can be used to simultaneously satisfy requirements for both the bachelor's degree and the master's degree.
Requirements for the Minor in Mechanical EngineeringStudents must fulfill the following requirements for a minor in mechanical engineering:
Lower-Division Requirements
MECH 45/45L
CENG 41
ELEN 50/50L
MECH 10L
MECH 12L
Lower-Division Electives
Choose two courses from the following:
MECH 11
MECH 140
CENG 43/43L
MECH 15/15L
Upper-Division Requirement
Technical Sequence
Choose one two-course sequence from the following:
MECH 122/122L and MECH 123/123L
MECH 122/122L and MECH 132
MECH 114 and MECH 115
MECH 141/141L and MECH 142/142L
Note: Please be aware of the prerequisites for the technical sequence courses; this may influence your choice of lower-division courses.
Requirements for the Minor in Aerospace EngineeringAll undergraduates are eligible for the Aerospace Engineering minor. Students intending to earn this minor should seek advice from the Mechanical Engineering Department. Students must fulfill the following requirements for a minor in aerospace engineering:
Two courses from the Fundamental Courses list
MECH 145 and one course from the Aerospace Courses list
At least 4 units from the Elective Courses list
Fundamental Courses
MECH 140 Dynamics (4 units)
CENG 43 Materials III: Strength of Materials (4 units)
MECH 121 Thermodynamics (4 units)
MECH 122 Fluid Mechanics (4 units)
Aerospace Courses
MECH 132 Aerodynamics (4 units)
MECH 153 Aerospace Structures (4 units)
MECH 155 Astrodynamics (4 units)
MECH 158 Aerospace Propulsion Systems (4 units)
Elective Courses
MECH 205/206 Aircraft Flight Dynamics I, II (4 units)
MECH 220/221 Orbital Mechanics I, II (4 units)
MECH 313 Aerospace Structures (4 units)
MECH 371/372 Space Systems Design and Engineering I, II (8 units)
MECH 431/432 Spacecraft Dynamics I, II (4 units)
Another course from the Aerospace Courses list (4 units)
Research Laboratories
The Materials Research Laboratory supports interdisciplinary research efforts related to process-structure-property relations in engineering materials. Its principal activities focus on the characterization, quantitative analysis, and modeling of nano- and micro-structural evolution in materials during thermal and mechanical processing.
The Micro Scale Heat Transfer Laboratory (MSHTL) develops state-of-the-art and thermal transport in thin films experimentation in processes such as micro-boiling, spray cooling, and advanced electronic materials. Today, trends indicate that these processes are finding interesting applications on drop-on-demand delivery systems, inkjet technology and fast transient systems.
The Robotic Systems Laboratory is an interdisciplinary laboratory specializing in the design, control, and teleoperation of highly capable robotic systems for scientific discovery, technology validation, and engineering education. Laboratory students develop and operate systems that include spacecraft, underwater robots, aircraft, and land rovers. These projects serve as ideal testbeds for learning and conducting research in mechatronic system design, guidance and navigation, command and control systems, and human-machine interfaces.
The Energy System Design & Optimization Laboratory explores topics related to energy sustainability, including building energy system control via Internet-of-Things (IoT); renewable energy; energy storage materials and system optimization; energy harvesting and conversion; and transactive energy (smart grid). The overarching goal of the various projects in the lab is to reduce our reliance on fossil fuel for a sustainable future. The Lab is also interested in making an impact for people in emerging markets by providing sustainable and economically viable energy/water solutions: portable refrigerator for last mile delivery; clean cookstoves; and desalination.
The Theoretical and Computational Mechanics Laboratory explores emerging problems in fluid and solid mechanics, utilizing the tools of applied mathematics and numerical simulation. Research areas include low Reynolds number flow, microswimmers, biological flows and membranes, thin film mechanics, fracture simulation, auxetic metamaterials, and parallel computing.
Undergraduate Laboratories
The Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAM) and Prototyping Laboratory consists of two machine shops and a prototyping area. One machine shop is dedicated to student use for University-directed design and research projects. The second is a teaching lab used for undergraduate and graduate instruction. Both are equipped with modern machine tools such as lathes and milling machines. The milling machines all have two-axis computer numerically controlled (CNC) capability. The teaching lab also houses two, three-axis CNC vertical machining centers (VMC). Commercial CAM software is available to aid programming of the computer controlled equipment. The prototyping area is equipped with a rapid prototyping system that utilizes fused deposition modeling (FDM) to create plastic prototypes from CAD-generated models. Also featured in this area is an Epilog Fusion Pro laser cutting/engraver system for nonmetallic materials.
The Fluid Dynamics Laboratory contains equipment to illustrate the principles of fluid flow and to familiarize students with hydraulic machines and their instrumentation. The lab also contains a subsonic wind tunnel equipped with a variable frequency axial flow fan to study aerodynamics.
The Instrumentation Laboratory contains seven computer stations equipped with state-of-the-art, PC-based data acquisition hardware and software systems. A variety of transducers and test experiments for making mechanical, thermal, and fluid measurements are part of this lab. Additionally, this lab contains equipment to describe three modes of heat transfer. The temperature measurement of the extended surface system allows students to learn steady state conduction, and the pyrometer enables measurement of emitted power by radiation. The training systems for heat exchanger and refrigeration system are also placed in the lab.
The Materials Laboratory contains equipment for metallography and optical examination of the microstructure of materials as well as instruments for mechanical properties characterization including tension, compression, hardness, and fatigue testing. The Materials Laboratory also has a tube furnace for heat treating at controlled heating rates.
The Vibrations Laboratory is equipped with configurable torsional, rectilinear, and inverted pendulum test apparatuses (ECP Systems) allowing for exploration of both single and multiple degree-of-freedom forced and free vibration. In addition, the lab contains a portable laser doppler vibrometer (Polytec) to allow for non-contact measurement of vibration in continuous systems.
The Control Systems Laboratory is equipped with the Rotary Motion Platform, QUBE-Servo 2, Rotary Flexible Link, Ball and Beam, and Rotary Inverted Pendulum which are designed and manufactured by Quanser Company. All equipment works with the MATLAB/SIMULINK^®^ environment and can be used to evaluate linear and nonlinear control algorithms.
Lower-Division Courses 10L. Engineering Graphics and Computer-Aided Design IAn introduction to engineering graphics and computer-aided design (CAD) using a 3D solid modeling software package. Topics include geometric construction, sketching, orthographic projection, isometric, and sectional views. Drawing and CAD laboratory classes will consist of lectures and exercises, demonstrations, and student work sessions. (1 unit)
11. Materials and Manufacturing ProcessesThe principles of manufacturing processes as related to materials properties, design, and production. A review of structures, properties, and manufacturing processes for main groups of engineering materials including metals and metallic alloys, polymers, and ceramics. Prerequisite: MECH 15. (4 units)
12L. Engineering Graphics and Computer Aided Design IIContinuation of MECH 10L. An introduction to engineering graphics and computer-aided design (CAD) using a 3D solid modeling software package. Topics include dimensioning and tolerancing, descriptive geometry and auxiliary views, and assemblies. Drawing and CAD laboratory classes will consist of lectures and exercises, demonstrations, and student work sessions. Light machining will be introduced, as well. Prerequisite: MECH 10L, MECH students only. (1 unit)
15. Introduction to Materials SciencePhysical basis of the electrical, mechanical, optical, and thermal behavior of solids. Relations between atomic structure and physical properties. Prerequisite: CHEM 11. Corequisite: MECH 15L. (4 units)
15L. Introduction to Materials Science LaboratoryLaboratory for MECH 15. Corequisite: MECH 15. (1 unit)
45. Applied Programming in MATLABComputer programming in MATLAB, including: use of the development environment, m-files, and debugging; data structures; flow control, including loops, vectorization, and conditional statements; functions and variable scope; file input and output; plotting and visualization; selected topics in object-oriented programming. Applications to engineering problems including linear algebra and differential equations. Prerequisite: MATH 13. Co-requisite: MECH 45L. (4 units)
45L. Applied Programming in MATLAB LabLaboratory for MECH 45. Co-requisite: MECH 45. (1 unit)
Upper-Division Courses 101L. Machining LaboratoryPractical experience with machine tools such as mills, lathes, band saws, etc. Basic training in safe and proper use of the equipment associated with simple mechanical projects. Laboratory. P/NP grading. Prerequisites: MECH 12L and senior standing. Corequisite: MECH 194. (1 unit)
102. Introduction to Mathematical Methods in Mechanical EngineeringThe application of mathematical methods to the solution of practical engineering problems. A review of fundamental mathematical methods and calculus of a single variable, multivariable calculus, ordinary differential equations, numerical methods, and basics of linear algebra. (4 units)
103. Mathematical Methods in Mechanical EngineeringReview of ordinary differential equations and Laplace transform; Fourier series; partial differential equations with applications to problems in vibration and heat conduction; and selected topics from linear algebra. Prerequisite: AMTH 106. Corequisite: MECH 103R. (4 units)
103R. Mathematical Methods in Mechanical Engineering RecitationRecitation for MECH 103. Corequisite: MECH 103. (1 unit)
114. Machine Design IAnalysis and design of mechanical systems for safe operation. Stress and deflection analysis. Failure theories for static loading and fatigue failure criteria. Team design projects begun. Formal conceptual design reports required. Prerequisites: MECH 12L, 15 and CENG 43. (4 units)
115. Machine Design IIContinuation of MECH 114. Treatment of basic machine elements (e.G., bolts, springs, gears, bearings). Design and analysis of machine elements for static and fatigue loading. Team design projects completed. Design prototypes and formal final report required. Prerequisite: MECH 114. (4 units)
121. Thermodynamics IDefinitions of work, heat, and energy. First and second laws of thermodynamics. Properties of pure substances. Application to fixed mass systems and control volumes. Irreversibility and availability. Prerequisite: PHYS 32. (4 units)
122. Fluid MechanicsFluid properties and definitions. Fluid statics, forces on submerged surfaces, manometry. Streamlines and conservation flow fields. Euler's and Bernoulli's equations. Mass, momentum, and energy analysis. Laminar and turbulent flows. Losses in pipes and ducts. Dimensional analysis and similitude. External flows. Prerequisite: MECH 121(may be taken concurrently). Corequisite: MECH 122L and MECH 140. (4 units)
122L. Fluid Mechanics LaboratoryLaboratory for MECH 122. Corequisite: MECH 122. (1 unit)
123. Heat TransferIntroduction to the concepts of conduction, convection, and radiation heat transfer. Application of these concepts to engineering problems. Prerequisites: MECH 121, 122, and AMTH 118 or equivalent. Corequisite: MECH 123L. (4 units)
123L. Heat Transfer LaboratoryLaboratory work to understand the concept of heat transfer. Practical experience with temperature and heat flux measurement. Corequisite: MECH 123. (1 unit)
125. Thermal Systems DesignAnalysis, design, and simulation of fluids and thermal engineering systems. Application of optimization techniques, life cycle, and sustainability concepts in these systems. Prerequisite: MECH 123. (4 units)
131. Thermodynamics IIThermodynamic potential and availability, advanced power and refrigeration cycles, chemical equilibrium, advanced power and refrigeration cycles with non-reacting or reacting air/vapor mixture. Prerequisites: MECH 121. (4 units)
132. AerodynamicsFundamentals of aerodynamics. Governing equations (mass, momentum, energy). Inviscid, incompressible flow applied to subsonic air flow: Laplace's equations and flow superposition, Kutta-Joukowski theorem and generation of lift. Incompressible flow over airfoils: Kutta condition, Kelvin circulation theorem. Lifting flow over arbitrary bodies. Incompressible flow over finite wings: downwash and induced drag. Introduction to fundamental principles of viscous flow and discussion of drag components. Prerequisites: MECH 121 and 122. (4 units)
140. DynamicsKinematics of particles in rectilinear and curvilinear motion. Kinetics of particles, Newton's second law, energy and momentum methods. Systems of particles. Kinematics and kinetics of plane motion of rigid bodies, energy and momentum methods. Introduction to three-dimensional dynamics of rigid bodies. Prerequisite: CENG 41. Corequisite: AMTH 106. (4 units)
141. Mechanical VibrationsFundamentals of vibration, free and forced vibration of (undamped/damped) single degree and two-degree of freedom systems. Vibration under general forcing conditions. Determination of natural frequencies and mode shapes. Prerequisites: MECH 140 and AMTH 106. Corequisite: MECH 141L. (4 units)
141L. Mechanical Vibrations LaboratoryLaboratory for MECH 141. Corequisite: MECH 141. (1 unit)
142. Feedback Control SystemsIntroduction to system theory, transfer functions, and state space modeling of physical systems. Course topics include stability, analysis and design of PID, Lead/Lag, other forms of controllers in time and frequency domains, root locus, Bode diagrams, state space pole placement, and gain and phase margins. Prerequisite: MECH 141. Corequisite: MECH 142L. (4 units)
142L. Feedback Control Systems LaboratoryLaboratory for MECH 142. Corequisite: MECH 142. (1 unit)
143. MechatronicsIntroduction to behavior, design, and integration of electromechanical components and systems. Review of appropriate electronic components/circuitry, mechanism configurations, and programming constructs. Use and integration of transducers, microcontrollers, and actuators. Also listed as ELEN 123 and COEN 123. Prerequisite: MECH 45 and ELEN 50. Corequisite: MECH 143L. (4 units)
143L. Mechatronics LaboratoryLaboratory for MECH 143. Also listed as COEN 123L and ELEN 123L. Corequisite: MECH 143. (1 unit)
144. Smart Product DesignDesign of innovative smart electromechanical devices and products. Topics include a review of the basics of mechanical, electrical, and software design and prototyping, and will emphasize the synthesis of functional systems that solve a customer need, that are developed in a team-based environment, and which are informed by the use of methodologies from the fields of systems engineering, concurrent design, and project/business management. Designs will be developed in the context of a cost-constrained business environment, and principles of accounting, marketing, and supply chain are addressed. Societal impacts of technical products and services are reviewed. Enrollment is controlled in order to have a class with students from diverse majors. Prerequisites: Core Foundation-level natural science and mathematics, or equivalent; instructor permission required. Corequisite: MECH 144L. (4 units)
144L. Smart Product Design LaboratoryLaboratory for MECH 144. Corequisite: MECH 144. (1 unit)
145. Introduction to Aerospace EngineeringBasic design and analysis of atmospheric flight vehicles. Principles of aerodynamics, propulsion, structures and materials, flight dynamics, stability and control, mission analysis, and performance estimation. Introduction to orbital dynamics. Prerequisites: MECH 122 and 140. Corequisite: MECH 121. (4 units)
146. Mechanism DesignKinematic analysis and synthesis of planar mechanisms. Graphical synthesis of linkages and cams. Graphical and analytical techniques for the displacement, velocity, and acceleration analysis of mechanisms. Computer-aided design of mechanisms. Three or four individual mechanism design projects. Prerequisite: MECH 114. (4 units)
151. Finite Element Theory and ApplicationsBasic introduction to finite elements; direct and variational basis for the governing equations; elements and interpolating functions. Applications to general field problems: elasticity, fluid mechanics, and heat transfer. Extensive use of software packages. Prerequisites: MECH 45 or equivalent and AMTH 106. (3 units)
152. Composite MaterialsAnalysis of composite materials and structures. Calculation of properties and failure of composite laminates. Manufacturing considerations and design of simple composite structures. Knowledge of MATLAB or equivalent programming environment is required. Prerequisites: MECH 15, CENG 43, and MECH 45. (4 units)
153. Aerospace StructuresThis introductory course presents the application of fundamental theories of elasticity and stress analysis to aerospace structures. Course topics include fundamentals of elasticity, virtual work and matrix methods, bending and buckling of thin plates, component load analysis, and airframe loads, torsion shear, and bending of thin-walled sections. Prerequisites: CENG 43 and 43L. (4 units)
155. AstrodynamicsThis course provides the foundations of basic gravitation and orbital theory. Topics include Review of particle dynamics, classical orbital elements, basic transformation matrices, ground tracks, Hohmann transfer, coplanar rendezvous, combined change maneuver, and interplanetary flight. Prerequisite: MECH 140. (4 units)
156. Introduction to NanotechnologyIntroduction to the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Properties of nanomaterials and devices. Nanoelectronics: from silicon and beyond. Measurements of nanosystems. Applications and implications. Laboratory experience is an integral part of the course. Also listed as ELEN 156. Prerequisites: PHYS 33 and either PHYS 34 or MECH 15. Corequisite: MECH 156L. (4 units)
156L. Introduction to Nanotechnology LaboratoryOptional laboratory for MECH 156. (1 unit)
157. Engineering Simulations and ModelingSimulation and modeling of solids and fluids using modern computational methods. Application of finite element modeling techniques to analyze mechanical systems subjected to various types of loading. Heat conduction and fluid interaction effects with solids. Transient problems including vibrations. Practical experience gained in using commercial simulation packages and interacting with CAD systems. Review of basic finite element theory with particular attention to modeling loads, constraints and materials. Prerequisites: CENG 43, MECH 122, MECH 123 (can be taken concurrently) or equivalent knowledge. (4 units)
158. Aerospace Propulsion SystemsFundamentals of air breathing and rocket jet propulsion. Gas dynamics fundamentals, review of thermodynamic relation. Basic theory of aircraft gas turbine engines, propulsive efficiency, and application of Brayton cycle to gas turbine engine analysis. Rocket engine nozzle configuration and design. Thrust Equation. Chemical rocket engine fundamentals. Solid versus liquid propellant rockets. Prerequisites: MECH 121 and 122. (4 units)
160. Modern Instrumentation for EngineersIntroduction to engineering instrumentation, sensors, electric circuits, computer data acquisition, hardware and software, sampling theory, statistics, and error analysis. Theory of pressure, temperature, acceleration, and strain measurement. Prerequisites: MECH 123 and 141. Corequisite: MECH 160L. (4 units)
160L. Modern Instrumentation for Engineers LaboratoryLaboratory work spans the disciplines of mechanical engineering: dynamics, controls, fluids, heat transfer, and thermodynamics, with emphasis on report writing. Students will design their own experiment and learn how to set up instrumentation using computer data acquisition hardware and software. Corequisite: MECH 160. (1 unit)
163. Materials Selection and DesignDesign considerations in the use of materials; materials selection for optimizing multiple properties; materials failure modes and failure mechanism; materials selection to prevent failure; case studies and discussions on process economics, life-cycle thinking, and eco-design. CES EduPack will be introduced as a materials and processes database and a tool for students to compare, analyze, and select materials and processes. Prerequisites: MECH 11 and CENG 43. (4 units)
171. Special Topics in Material, Mechanics, Manufacturing, and DesignTechnical Elective in the area of material, mechanics, manufacturing, and design. A new topic in the area will be introduced. Topics vary every time it is offered. (4 units)
172. Special Topics in Thermofluids and EnergyTechnical Elective in the area of thermofluids and energy. A new topic in the area will be introduced. Topics vary every time it is offered. (4 units)
173. Special Topics in Dynamics, Controls, and RoboticsTechnical Elective in the area of dynamics, controls, and robotics. A new topic in the area will be introduced. Topics vary every time it is offered. (4 units)
177. Continuum MechanicsGeneral introduction to the mechanics of continuous media. Topics include the kinematics of deformation, the concept of stress, and the balance laws for mass, momentum, and energy. This is followed by an introduction to constitutive theory with applications to established models for viscous fluids and elastic solids. Concepts are illustrated through the solution of tractable initial-boundary-value problems. Prerequisites: MECH 122, CENG 43, AMTH 106. (4 units)
179. Satellite Operations LaboratoryThis laboratory course reviews the physical principles and control techniques appropriate to communicating with, commanding, and monitoring spacecraft. Students learn to operate real satellite tracking, commanding, and telemetry systems, and to perform spacecraft-specific operations using approved procedures. Given the operational status of the system, students may conduct these operations on orbiting NASA spacecraft and interact with NASA scientists and engineers as part of operations processes. Instructor permission required. (1 unit)
188. Co-op EducationPractical experience in a planned program designed to give students practical work experience related to their academic field of study and career objectives. Satisfactory completion of the assignment includes preparation of a summary report on co-op activities. P/NP grading. May be taken for graduate credit. (2 units)
189. Co-op Technical ReportCredit given for a technical report on a specific activity such as a design or research project after completing the co-op assignment. Approval of the department co-op advisor is required. Letter grades are based on content and presentation quality of report. Prerequisite: MECH 188. (2 units)
191. Mechanical Engineering Project ManufacturingLaboratory course that provides supervised evening access to the machine shop and/or light fabrication area for qualified mechanical engineering students to work on their University-directed projects. Students wishing to utilize the machine shop or light fabrication during the evening lab/shop hours are required to enroll. Enrollment in any section allows students to attend any/all evening shop hours on a drop-in basis. Staff or faculty will be present during each scheduled meeting to supervise as well as be available for consultation and manufacturing advising. Prerequisites: Students must be qualified for machine shop use through successful completion of MECH 101L and passing grade on the Mechanical Engineering Lab Safety Test. Qualifications for light fabrication area use: successful completion of the Light Fabrication Training Seminar and a passing grade on the Mechanical Engineering Lab Safety Test. P/NP. (1 unit)
193. Peer Educator in Mechanical EngineeringPeer Educators in Mechanical Engineering work closely with a faculty member to help students understand course material; think more deeply about course material; benefit from collaborative learning; feel less anxious about testing situations; and/or to help students enjoy learning. Enrollment is by permission of the instructor. P/NP. (1-2 units)
194. Advanced Design I: ToolsDesign tools basic to all aspects of mechanical engineering, including design methodology, computer-design tools, simulation, engineering economics, and decision making. Senior design projects begun. Prerequisite: MECH 115. Corequisite: MECH 101L. (4 units)
195. Advanced Design II: ImplementationImplementation of design strategy. Detail design and fabrication of senior design projects. Quality control, testing and evaluation, standards and specifications, and human factors. Prerequisite: MECH 194. (2 units)
196. Advanced Design III: Completion and EvaluationDesign projects completed, assembled, tested, evaluated, and judged with opportunities for detailed re-evaluation by the designers. Formal public presentation of results. Final written report required. Prerequisite: MECH 195. (2 units)
198. Independent StudyBy arrangement with faculty. (1--5 units)
199. Directed Research/ReadingInvestigation of an engineering problem and writing an acceptable report. Weekly meetings with faculty advisor are required. (1-4 units per quarter, for a total of up to 8 units can be considered as technical electives)