For Artificial Intelligence To Really Work, The Military Will Need Better Connectivity
A JADC2 sensor grid as depicted in a Raytheon artists concept.
RaytheonWhile talking with CENTCOM's chief technology officer, Schuyler Moore, I opined that in a peer fight the U.S. Military's data and communications networks may not hold up for even 24 hours. She waited a beat before saying, 'I won't comment on that but... Heard and received."
In the event of a conflict with China or Russia, what U.S. Forces may be able to hear and receive will be critical. That includes the data that they will seek to mine for tactical and strategic insights using artificial intelligence (AI). At a recent conference in Austin, Texas, Ms. Moore said that simple connectivity is "at the core of anything related to" AI's real-world adoption.
If that connectivity and a working, layered infrastructure for passing data from forward platforms and operating locations back to places where AI can be applied is impaired or disrupted then even the best algorithms are of little use.
Aiding Connectivity and Computing
Moore breaks down the means by which CENTCOM and the broader military implement AI into two chunks - connectivity and computing.
"Connectivity means, can I receive the data I need in order to apply artificial intelligence and can I send the outputs of that where they need to go?" Computing, she says, is a question of whether users can run algorithms where needed.
When discussing AI infrastructure, starting on the computing side is useful Moore suggests. To bring AI to bear, she explains, we have to ask where we are trying to do computing and processing of raw data? Is it done on a physical system whether on a Navy ship or with a soldier out in the field holding a device? Is it [done] at a headquarters?
Depending on where AI analytics are run there are associated size, weight and power (SWaP) issues. Having right-sized hardware becomes critical. And while having the ability to apply AI on-the-spot would be welcome, it's not currently practical.
But there is work being done at CENTCOM and elsewhere to disperse processing power so that data can initially be run through limited AI at the tactical edge. "Then you can push that data back to another point that has a bit more computing power where they can run advanced analytics," Moore says.
The commercial sector is leading the charge on improving computing capacity in small packages, Moore adds, which may allow CENTCOM and others to do denser AI processing near the front lines or at them. In fact, connectivity, or the lack thereof, may force a reliance on edge processing.
"Our ability to access bulk data determines where the processing has to happen," Moore observes. "For example, imagine an unmanned aerial vehicle collecting video feed in a certain area. Depending on the bandwidth available, it may only be able to push so much data back to its headquarters if it's beyond line of sight. That means you need to be very specific about what data you're sending back. That creates demand for processing at the edge."
Processing more data at the edge could relieve bottlenecks but so, obviously, could creating more bandwidth, more connectivity to ensure that more data can be pushed to a centralized processing location. "We've experimented with that at CENTCOM [using] radio-mesh networks, low earth orbit satellite networks and a number of other solutions that allow us to attack that problem," Moore says.
The results have been encouraging. Moore explained that radio-mesh network experiments have largely been done with the Navy.
"We've been seeing how far we can extend unmanned surface vessels at sea and have them still be able to push back meaningful data to headquarters. Those experiments have been promising. We've had the ability to have UAVs aloft serving as network nodes, other surface vessels serving as network nodes. The more stuff you get out above, on and below the water, the more robust you're network and the higher the odds of being able to push back data."
An MQ-9 Sea Guardian unmanned maritime surveillance aircraft system flies over Independence-variant ... [+] littoral combat ship USS Coronado (LCS 4) during U.S. Pacific Fleet's Unmanned Systems Integrated Battle Problem (UxS IBP) 21, April 21.
U.S. Navy photo by Chief Mass Communication Specialist Shannon RenfroeMoore acknowledges that such a "radio-repeater" type of arrangement is stronger if some processing is done at the edge, reducing the volume of bulk data that must be transported back to a headquarters for AI processing. The combined edge-mesh approach dovetails with the agile combat employment (ACE) concept the Air Force is pushing and similar dispersed operational concepts the other services are evaluating to adapt to the challenging distances and tactical obstacles of the Indo-Pacific.
Finding a Place for AI Data
While these experiments and others CENTCOM has undertaken offer promising potential to expand connectivity in support of AI, they still rely on the physics of the RF spectrum. Adversaries and allies alike understand the high and low frequency options for such data transport intimately and understand that in any conflict bandwidth demand will be at a premium, limiting "space available" for data transport for AI.
Disrupting connectivity is at the top of the to-do list for any U.S. Adversary and for American forces themselves so figuring out how much bandwidth will practically be available in a serious fight is a matter of speculation. Recent experience in Ukraine has demonstrated that cyber conflict may be more limited and attritive than originally thought but the manner in which the war is Ukraine being fought likely differs substantially from how a conflict in the Pacific may be waged.
Moore won't comment on what chunks of spectrum AI infrastructure may most heavily rely on. I asked if CENTCOM had experimented with photonic communication. Moore replied that CENTCOM is testing "a range of spectrum options and are encouraged by the results we've seen".
The Army sees line of sight, beyond line of sight, fiber, host nation, 5G, and SATCOM with LEO LEO , MEO, GEO satellites as communications/data pathways for its Integrated Tactical Network and the Integrated Enterprise Network which endeavor to create a "Unified Transport Network" combining command and control with a ubiquitous data layer.
Units from the company up through the battalion and brigade to division, with other maneuver type elements sprinkled in, will seamlessly access the UTN and AI data/processing would reside therein. It's a construct similar to the Pentagon's broader Joint All Domain Command and Control (JADC2) effort, popularly referred to as an internet-of-military-things. But an awful lot has to go right for such seamless connectivity to remain seamless in time of war.
While Moore won't be pinned down on how much space-based assets will be relied upon for enabling the connectivity that increasing AI use may require, she acknowledges that space will be important. Even if CENTCOM and others rigorously seek to exploit alternate pathways for data and processing, the position, navigation and timing (PNT) data necessary to accompany meaningful application of AI is at risk and it is largely space based.
Increasing edge processing- effectively localizing AI compute functions combined with human analysis in edge environments - may take some of the data transport burden away. But it too can be compromised if the space layer cannot yield the accurate PNT awareness needed to for AI inputs.
Moore adds an appreciated dose of reality to the infrastructure discussion when explaining CENTCOM's outlook on the demand for AI output.
"Our view is that sometimes people incorrectly regard AI as giving you the answer to your homework. The reality is that it can point you in the right direction or cut down on some of the research time but at the end of the day, decision-making has to sit with a human operator. We're learning where AI is most effectively and efficiently deployed."
That includes considering the risk that bad data - regardless of how effectively it is transported and processed - may lead to faulty AI insights. For now, it's not a large risk Moore says because "We're applying it in such limited circumstances right now that you'd be hard pressed to say that decision-makers are overly influenced by it."
"We are experiencing live," she adds, "what the benefits and risks associated with algorithmic applications are and I think that because we're taking an incremental approach it's allowing us to set expectations for our leaders accordingly."
As CENTCOM and others try to strike a balance between the discrimination needed to make the most effective use of AI with the means of processing it, they more clearly see the importance of the connectivity it requires and the challenge of maintaining it.
Cognitive System & Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market
The MarketWatch News Department was not involved in the creation of this content.
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1 Market Overview1.1 Product Overview and Scope of Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems1.2 Classification of Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems by Type1.2.1 Overview: Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size by Type: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 20301.2.2 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue Market Share by Type in 20211.3 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market by Application1.3.1 Overview: Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size by Application: 2017 Versus 2021 Versus 20301.4 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size and Forecast1.5 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size and Forecast by Region1.6 Market Drivers, Restraints and Trends1.6.1 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Drivers1.6.2 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Restraints1.6.3 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Trends Analysis
2 Company Profiles2.1 Company2.1.1 Company Details2.1.2 Company Major Business2.1.3 Company Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Product and Solutions2.1.4 Company Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue, Gross Margin and Market Share (2019, 2020, 2021 and 2023)2.1.5 Company Recent Developments and Future Plans
3 Market Competition, by Players3.1 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue and Share by Players (2019,2020,2021, and 2023)3.2 Market Concentration Rate3.2.1 Top3 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Players Market Share in 20213.2.2 Top 10 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Players Market Share in 20213.2.3 Market Competition Trend3.3 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Players Head Office, Products and Services Provided3.4 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Mergers and Acquisitions3.5 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems New Entrants and Expansion Plans
4 Market Size Segment by Type4.1 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue and Market Share by Type (2017-2023)4.2 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Forecast by Type (2023-2030)
5 Market Size Segment by Application5.1 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue Market Share by Application (2017-2023)5.2 Global Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Forecast by Application (2023-2030)
6 Regions by Country, by Type, and by Application6.1 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue by Type (2017-2030)6.2 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue by Application (2017-2030)6.3 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size by Country6.3.1 Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Revenue by Country (2017-2030)6.3.2 United States Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size and Forecast (2017-2030)6.3.3 Canada Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size and Forecast (2017-2030)6.3.4 Mexico Cognitive System and Artificial Intelligence(AI) Systems Market Size and Forecast (2017-2030)
7 Research Findings and Conclusion
8 Appendix8.1 Methodology8.2 Research Process and Data Source8.3 Disclaimer
9 Research Methodology
10 Conclusion
Continued….
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Artificial Intelligence Is A Game Changer. But We Don't Want Too Much Of It
NJIT hosts 2023 Women Designing the Future Conference to discuss Artificial Intelligence
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Q: What do artificial intelligence and double cheeseburgers (with fries, of course) have in common?
A: While you're having them, there's nothing better, but don't make a steady diet of it. As Fred Sanford used to say, "That stuff'll kill ya."
I don't intend to make light of A.I. Indeed, let me go on record: Of all the civilization-changing inventions or discoveries we humans have ever come up with — stone tools, controlled use of fire, the wheel, clothing, agriculture, alphabets, printing, vaccines, incandescent light, the telephone, the steam engine, flight, antibiotics, television, computers, space, the internet, fusion energy, to name only a tiny few — artificial intelligence will not only be the biggest and most far reaching in the shortest time, it will most likely subsume all others before it, combined!
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There is no hyperbole here; in fact, that could be an understatement. I have a friend, a high-level computer scientist (that's all I know about his work, as it is sensitive, secret, "fantastical in nature," and off limits to all but a select few), who says that we cannot fathom the reach and power of what's to come in A.I. "All you have to do," he says, "is think of your wildest fantasy — and you'll fall far short."
Artificial intelligence: AI is here. Are we ready? ∣ Vantage Point
I'm down with all of that and wish I could be guaranteed a place in this life to see just 10 years from now. (I'm planning on it, but…) A few years ago I had the privilege of interviewing Dr. Michio Kaku of City University of New York, a world-renowned American theoretical physicist and author. I asked him to comment on a widely circulated assessment that we are overestimating what A.I. Will be able to do in three years and underestimating what it will do in ten. He smirked, nodded his head, and said, "Exactly." Well, it's almost five years since that interview, and here we are.
In any event, back to cheeseburgers, one of my favorite chow-downs. A juicy 8-ounce burger, blue cheese, of course, with a generous serving of sweet potato fries and a cold IPA: M-m-m-m-m.
But I wouldn't dare touch it any time within a week of my annual wellness physical. My bloodwork — cholesterol, sodium, lipids, and all the rest — would be off the charts, and the next thing you know, my doctor would put me on a diet, and there go my burgers.
See the problem? When we do something that feels so good, but in anything other than small, well-controlled and spaced-out indulgences is decidedly not good for us, we've got a problem.
Vantage Point: You may have gone into tech for the wrong reasons. Here's why
So it is with artificial intelligence, not because it isn't any good. In its nascent stage, it's already spectacular! But just as that burger, fries, and brew (or two) can do a lot in many ways to shut down your system — think arteries, for one — by overusing A.I. And growing our reliance on it, we'll start shutting down other systems which are uniquely human in a proprietary way: critical thinking, creativity, lateral thinking, mental acrobatics, humor, associative thinking, logic, linguistics, re-imagining the future, and all that good stuff we went to school to develop. Gone in a heartbeat unless we control it.
© Rebecca King The cheeseburger at Tierney's Tavern in Montclair is simply dressed with a slab of melted cheese.Do not get me wrong. I'm in awe of this and intend to subscribe shortly. But before I ever do, you have my solemn word that everything you ever read under my byline will be written by me, only by me, and forever by me.
As for the rest, I intend to have a lot of fun with A.I. I'm no Luddite. In the proper dosages, there's no telling where one could go with this.
But taken in overdoses or falling for the temptation of having it write reports or even Beethoven's Symphony #10 (What a fantasy that is!) will lead to the de-evolution of our civilization that took more than three million years to get here. The last time that happened was what we call the Dark Ages, and we all know that story. What's worse is the deleterious effect on each of us if we fall for misusing, abusing, or overusing A.I.
With A.I. We have the biggest thing that's ever come upon us. We also have to make the biggest decision ever.
A.I. Is the double cheeseburger of the 21st century.
---------------------------------
Eli Amdur has been providing individualized career and executive coaching, as well as corporate leadership advice since 1997. For 15 years he taught graduate leadership courses at FDU. He has been a regular writer for this and other publications since 2003. You can reach him at [email protected] or 201-357-5844.
This article originally appeared on NorthJersey.Com: Artificial intelligence is a game changer. But we don't want too much of it
