Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh is around 900 km. away from our capital. It consists of 6% population of India. The state is known as the heart of India. And just like the name, it has a rich culture which pumps the cultural blood all over the country.
| Topic | Data/Facts |
| 1 History | 1.1 Madhya Pradesh was found on 1st November, 1956. Earlier it was known as ”Bhopal State”. 1.2 After India’s independence, Madhya Pradesh state was created with Nagpur as its capital: this state included the southern parts of the present-day Madhya Pradesh and northeastern portion of today’s Maharashtra. 1.3 In 1956, this state was reorganised and its parts were combined with the states of Madhya Bharat, Vindhya Pradesh and Bhopal to form the new Madhya Pradesh state, the Marathi-speaking Vidarbha region was removed and merged with the Bombay State. |
| 2 Geography | 2.1 Climate: 2.1.1 Madhya Pradesh has three major seasons – Summer, Monsoon and Winter. 2.1.2 During summer (March–June), the temperature in the entire state ranges above 29.4°C. 2.1.3 The south-west Monsoon usually breaks out in mid-June and the entire state receive a major share of its rainfall between June and September. 2.1.4 The winter season starts from the month of November. The temperature remains low in the northern parts of the state in comparison to the southern parts. 2.2 Agriculture: 2.2.1 The major agricultural products of Madhya Pradesh are soybeans, grams, oilseeds, pulses and food grains. 2.2.2 Other crops of Madhya Pradesh are wheat, soybean, gram, sugarcane, rice, maize, cotton, rapeseed, mustard and arhar. 2.2.3 Minor Forest Produce (MFP), such as tendu leaves used to roll beedi, sal seed, teak seed, and lak also contribute to state’s rural economy. 2.2.4 Madhya Pradesh is also famous for honey production in district Morena. 2.3 Natural Resources: 2.3.1 The state has the largest reserves of diamond and copper in India. 2.3.2 Other major mineral reserves include those of coal, coalbed methane, manganese and dolomite. 2.4 Major rivers: Narmada, Tapti, Chambal, Shipra, Kali Sindh, Parbati, Kuno, Sind, Betwa, Dhasan and Ken. Some Important Facts: (i) The Narmada–Tapti systems carry an enormous volume of water and provide drainage for almost a quarter of the land area of Madhya Pradesh. (ii) The Narmada river is considered very sacred and is worshipped throughout the region. (iii) Shipra River is one of the most sacred rivers of Hinduism. It is the site of the Simhastha Kumbh Mela, which is held every 12 years. 2.5 Animals: Tiger, Gharial, River Dolphin, Smooth-coated Otter, Turtles and Mugger. 2.6 Neighbouring States: Uttar Pradesh – North-East Chhattisgarh – South-East Maharashtra – South Gujarat – West Rajasthan – North-West 2.7 Capital city: Bhopal 2.8 Total Land Area: (i) Total area is 308,245 sq. km. (ii) 2nd largest state in India. 2.9 Other Important Facts: Indore is the Largest City. |
| 3 Forestry | 3.1 Forest: (i) Forest Cover: 77,482.49 sq. km. (ii) Very Dense Forest: 6,676.02 sq. km. (iii) Moderately Dense Forest: 34,341.40 sq. km. (iv) Open Forest: 36,465.07 sq. km. (Data as per ISFR 2019 assessment) 3.2 National Parks: (i) Bandhavgarh National Park, Umaria (ii) Omkareshwar National Park, Mathani (iii) Kanha National Park, Mandla (iv) Kuno National Park, Sheopur and Morena (v) Madhav National Park, Gwalior (vi) Mandla Plant Fossils National Park, Mandla (vii) Panna National Park, Panna and Chhatarpur (viii) Pench National Park, Seoni (ix) Sanjay National Park, Sidhi and Singrauli (x) Satpura National Park, Hoshangabad (xi) Van Vihar National Park, Bhopal 3.3 Wild Life Sanctuary: (i) Bagdara Wildlife Sanctuary, Sidhi (ii) Bori Wildlife Sanctuary, Hoshangabad (iii) Gandhi Sagar Sanctuary, Mandsaur and Nimach (iv) Ghatigaon Wildlife Sanctuary, Gwalior (v) Karera Wildlife Sanctuary, Shivpuri (vi) Ken Gharial Sanctuary, Panna and Chhatarpur (vii) Kheoni Sanctuary, Dewas and Sehore (viii) Narsighgarh Wildlife Sanctuary, Rajgarh (ix) National Chambal Sanctuary, Morena (x) Nauradehi Wildlife Sanctuary, Narshighpur (xi) Orcha Wildlife Sanctuary, Raja Mahal (xii) Panpatha Wildlife Sanctuary, Sidhi (xiii) Phen Wildlife Sanctuary, Mandla (xiv) Ralamandal Wildlife Sanctuary, Indore (xv) Sailana Wildlife Sanctuary, Sailana (xvi) Singhori Wildlife Sanctuary, Kartoli (xvii) Son Gharial Wildlife Sanctuary, Sidhi (xviii) Veerangana Durgavati Wildlife Sanctuary, Damoh 3.4 Tiger Reserve: (i) Bandhavgarh National Park, Umaria (ii) Kanha National Park, Mandla (iii) Pench National Park, Seoni (iv) Panna National Park, Panna and Chhatarpur (v) Satpura National Park, Hoshangabad (vi) Sanjay-Dubri National Park, Sidhi and Singrauli 3.5 Other Important Facts: (i) Asiatic Lion Reintroduction Project, India’s first cheetah sanctuary is Kuno National Park. (ii) Pench National Park is the backdrop of Rudyard Kipling’s The Jungle Book. (iii) Tiger density is very high in Bandhavgarh National Park. People say, “In any other Park, you are lucky if you see a tiger. In Bandhavgarh, you are unlucky if you don’t see (at least) one.” |
| 4 Economy | 4.1 Major Economic Data: (i) GDP Growth: 11.14% (ii) GDP: ₹10.17 lakh crore (US$140 billion) (2020-21 est.) (iii) GDP Rank: 10th (iv) Per Capita Income: ₹98,418(1355$) (2020-21) 4.2 Industries: (i) Madhya Pradesh has 6 Ordnance Factories, four of which are located in Jabalpur (Vehicle Factory, Grey Iron Foundry, Gun Carriage Factory, Ordnance Factory Khamaria) and one each in Katni and Itarsi. (ii) Madhya Pradesh has 5 Special Economic Zones (SEZs): 3 IT/ITeS (Indore, Gwalior), 1 mineral-based (Jabalpur) and 1 agro-based (Jabalpur). (iii) The state’s tourism industry is growing, fuelled by wildlife tourism and a number of places of historical and religious significance. |
| 5 Transportation | 5.1 Air, Rail and Road are the major transportation means in Madhya Pradesh. 5.2 Major Railway Stations (i) Bhopal (ii) Jabalpur (iii) Gwalior (iv) Ujjain (v) Habibganj (vi) Indore (vii) Itarsi (viii) Satna (ix) Bina (x) Khandwa (xi) Katni (xii) Saugor (xiii) Maihar (xiv) Rewa (xv) Morena (xvi) Nagda (xvii) Pipariya (xviii) Vidisha (xix) Betul (xx) Narsinghpur 5.4 Major Air Ports: International Airports: Devi Ahilya Bai Holkar Airport, Indore Domestic Airports: (i) Raja Bhoj Airport, Bhopal (ii) Gwalior Airport (iii) Jabalpur Airport (iv) Khajuraho Airport |
| 6 Infrastructures | 6.1 Power installed Capacity: (i) Total Power: 25084.32 MW (ii) Thermal: 16387.09 MW (iii) Nuclear: 273.00 MW (iv) Hydro: 3223.66 MW (v) Renewable Energy Source: 5200.57 MW |
| 7 Census and Demography | 7.1 Demographic Data: (i) Population: 72,626,809 (7.27 Crores) (ii) Male: 37,612,306 (iii) Female: 35,014,503 (iv) Gender Ratio: 931 females per 1000 males (v) Population Growth: 20.35% (vi) Percentage of total population of the country: 6.00% (vii) Density: 236/sq. km. (viii) Rural Population: 52,557,404 (72.37%) (ix) Urban Population: 20,069,405 (27.63%) (x) 5th most populous state in India (Based on 2011 census) 7.2 Major Religion followers: (i) Hinduism: 66,007,121 (90.89%) (ii) Christianity: 213,282 (0.29%) (iii) Islam: 4,774,695 (6.57%) (iv) Jainism: 567,028 (0.78%) (v) Buddhism: 216,052 (0.30%) (vi) Sikhism: 151,412 (0.21%) (Based on 2011 census) |
| 8 Culture | 8.1 Literature: Literary work is majorly found under categories: (i) Hindi (ii) Urdu 8.2 Major Poets & Authors: (i) Makhanlal Chaturvedi (ii) Nathuram Premi (iii) Ramkumar Verma (iv) Gajanan Madhav Muktibodh (v) Harishankar Parsai (vi) Sharad Joshi (vii) Rahat Indori (viii) Rajneesh (ix) Bihari Lal (x) Abdul Qavi Desnavi (xi) Rahat Indori (xii) Kaif Bhopali (xiii) Uday Prakash (xiv) Seth Govind Das (xv) Hari Krishna Devsare (xvi) Nida Fazli (xvii) Anupam Mishra (xviii) Balachandra Shastri (xix) Vidya Shah (xx) Mrinal Pande (xxi) Vagish Shastri (xxii) Khurram Murad (xxiii) Bhagwan Datt Sharma 8.3 Major Festivals: (i) Bhagoria (ii) Bundeli (iii) Khajuraho Dance Festival (iv) Tansen Samaroh 8.4 Folk Dance: (i) Grida (ii) Matki (iii) Phulpati (iv) Tertali 8.5 Major Religious Places: (i) Mahakaleshwar Temple, Ujjain (ii) Omkareshwar Temple, Mathani (iii) Pashupatinath Temple, Mandsaur (iv) Ram Raja Temple, Orchha (v) Kaal Bhairava temple, Ujjain (vi) Mangalnath temple, Ujjain (vii) Gopal Mandir, Ujjain (viii) Kankali Devi temple, Tigawa (ix) Shri Kala Bhairava Nath Swami Temple, Adegaon (x) Kandariya Mahadeva Temple, Khajuraho (xi) Chausath Yogini Temple, Khajuraho |
| 9 Education | 9.1 State Literacy Data: (i) Total: 42,851,169 (69.32%) (ii) Male: 25,174,328 (78.73%) (iii) Female: 17,676,841 (59.24%) 9.2 Major Universities: (i) Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore (ii) Rajiv Gandhi Proudyogiki Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (iii) Jiwaji University, Gwalior (iv) Rani Durgavati Vishwavidyalaya, Jabalpur (v) Barkatullah University, Bhopal (vi) Makhanlal Chaturvedi Rashtriya Patrakarita Vishwavidyalaya, Bhopal (vii) National Law Institute University, Bhopal (viii) AKS University, Satna (ix) Avantika University, Ujjain (x) Awadhesh Pratap Singh University, Rewa (xi) Vikram University, Ujjain (xii) Medi-Caps University, Indore (xiii) Jagran Lakecity University, Bhopal (xiv) Sage University, Indore (xv) People’s University, Bhopal (xvi) RKDF University, Bhopal (xvii) Rabindranath Tagore University, Mendua Village (xviii) Rajmata Vijayaraje Scindia Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Gwalior (xix) Maharishi Mahesh Yogi Vedic Vishwavidyalaya, Katni (xx) VIT Bhopal University, Bhopal (xxi) Maharaja Chhatrasal Bundelkhand University, Chhatarpur (xxii) Nanaji Deshmukh Veterinary Science University, Jabalpur (xxiii) LNCT University, Bhopal (xxiv) Mahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot Gramoday Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot (xxv) Mandsaur University, Mandsaur (xxvi) Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam University, Indore 9.3 Major Institutions: (i) IIT Indore (ii) IIM Indore (iii) NIT Bhopal (iv) IIITM Gwalior (v) All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal Bhopal (vi) Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal (vii) PDPM Indian Institute of Information Technology, Design and Manufacturing, Jabalpur (viii) Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior (ix) School of Planning and Architecture, Bhopal (x) Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education, Gwalior |
| 10 Tourism | 10.1 Madhya Pradesh has won Best Tourism State National award for 3 consecutive years i.e. 2017, 2016 and 2015. 10.2 Major Tourist Spots: (i) The Khajuraho Group of Monuments (ii) Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (iii) The Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (iv) Bandhavgarh National Park (v) Kanha National Park (vi) Panna National Park (vii) Pench National Park (viii) Bagh Caves (ix) Panchmarhi (x) Amarkantak (xi) Shivpuri |
| 11 Sports | 11.1 State Game: Cricket, Kabaddi, hockey, football, basketball, volleyball, cycling, swimming, badminton and table tennis are the popular sports in the state. Traditional games like kho kho, gilli danda, sitoliya, kanche and langdi are popular in the rural areas. 11.2 Major Stadium: (i) Holkar Cricket Stadium, Indore (ii) Nehru Stadium, Indore (iii) TT Nagar Stadium, Bhopal (iv) Captain Roop Singh Stadium, Gwalior (v) Ravi Shankar Shukla Stadium, Jabalpur (vi) Aishbagh Stadium, Bhopal (vii) Dr. Rajendra Prasad Football Stadium, Nimach 11.3 International Players from the state: Cricket: (i) Mansoor Ali Khan Pataudi (ii) Mushtaq Ali (iii) Chandu Sarwate (iv) C. K. Nayudu (v) Rahul Dravid (vi) Jai Prakash Yadav (vii) Naman Ojha (viii) Devendra Bundela (ix) Nuzhat Parween (x) Ishwar Pandey Skiing: Himanshu Thakur Hockey: (i) Roop Singh (ii) Ahmed Khan (iii) Aslam Sher Khan (iv) Shivendra Singh (v) Shankar Laxman |
| 12 Governance & Administrative Divisions | 12.1 Administrative divisions: (i) Number of Districts: 52 (ii) Number of Tehsils: 412 (iii) Number of Urban Towns: 35 (iv) Number of Villages: 55,392 12.2 Official Languages: Hindi (Based on census-2011) 12.3 Constituent Facts: (i) Number of Assembly seats: 230 (ii) Number of Parliament seats: 29 (iii) Number of Rajyasabha seats : 11 (iv) Number of Gram Panchayats: 22,931 (v) Legislature: Unicameral : 12.4 Chief Minister: Shivraj Singh Chouhan (17th Chief Minister of Madhya Pradesh) 12.4.1 1st Chief Minister :Ravidershankar shukla ( 01/11/1956 to 31/12/1956) 12.5 Governor: Mangubhai C. Patel (19th Governor of Madhya Pradesh) 12.5.1 1st Governor : Dr. Pattabhi Sitaramayya (01/11/1956 to 23/06/1957) 12.6 Judiciary: 12.6.1 The Madhya Pradesh High Court is the High Court of the state of Madhya Pradesh. 12.6.2 It is located in Jabalpur. 12.6.3 It was founded on 2nd January, 1956. (i) Number of Judges: 53 (ii) Judge Retirement Age: 62 |
| 13 Other Important facts | 13.1 UNESCO World Heritage Sites: (i) Khajuraho Group of Monuments (ii) Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi (iii) Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka (iv) The historic ensemble of Orchha (Proposed) (v) Bhedaghat- Lametaghat in Narmada Valley (Proposed) (vi) Satpura Tiger Reserve (Proposed) (vii) Mandu, Madhya Pradesh Group of Monuments (Proposed) 13.2 GI Tags: (i) Chanderi saree (ii) Leather Toys of Indore (iii) Bagh Prints (iv) Bell Metal Ware of Datia and Tikamgarh (v) Maheshwar Sarees & Fabrics (vi) Jhabua Kadaknath Black Chicken Meat (vii) Ratlami Sev 13.3 State Symbols: State Animal: Barasingha State Bird: Indian Paradise Flycatcher State Fish: Mahseer State Flower: Palash State Fruit: Mango State Tree: Banyan Tree |
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