- Thymomas are slightly more common in men than in women and are most frequently seen in persons between the ages of 40 and 60.
- There are no known risk factors that predispose a person to developing thymoma.
- Up to 50% of thymomas are asymptomatic, meaning they do not produce any symptoms or signs and are diagnosed when an imaging study of the chest is performed for another reason.
- Chest pain, shortness of breath, and cough are common symptoms when symptoms do occur.
- Up to 50% to 60% of patients with thymoma will have a so-called paraneoplastic syndrome, a medical condition not involving the thymus that is associated with (probably caused by) the thymoma. The most commonly associated condition with thymoma is myasthenia gravis.
- Thymomas are slow-growing tumors, and the prognosis is excellent when they are discovered in their early stages.
- Surgical removal is the mainstay of treatment.
What is thymoma?
A thymoma is an uncommon tumor or cancer of the Thymus Gland. The thymus is a gland located in the anterior mediastinum (the area between the lungs in the chest) that plays a critical role in the development of immune cells during childhood. The thymus gland enlarges during childhood, peaks in size at puberty (about 40 grams) and begins to shrink after an individual reaches puberty.
Normally, the thymus is made up of a combination of lymphoid cells (immune cells or lymphocytes) and lining cells (epithelial cells). Thymoma is a tumor that originates from the epithelial cells of the thymus. The term thymomic neoplasms is used to refer to tumors of the thymus, which consist of thymomas and Thymic Carcinomas. Thymic carcinomas are tumors of the thymus having cells with a markedly abnormal appearance under the microscope. Thymic carcinomas are more aggressive than thymomas (they are more malignant), but they account for only about 1% of thymic tumors.
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