Zyrtec (cetirizine) is an antihistamine that reduces the effects of natural chemical Histamine in the body. Histamine can produce symptoms of sneezing, itching, watery eyes, and runny nose. This drug is used to treat cold or allergy symptoms such as sneezing, itching, watery eyes, or runny nose.It is also used to treat itching and swelling caused by chronic urticaria (hives).

PRESCRIBED FOR :

This drug is used for treating seasonal or perennial allergies (allergic rhinitis) and chronic urticaria (hives).

DOSING :

The recommended dose is 5 to 10 mg daily depending on the severity of symptoms.

Mechanism of action :

    Cetirizine is a non-sedating antihistamine that works by blocking histamine (H-1) receptors on cells. Histamine is a chemical that is responsible for many of the signs and symptoms of allergic reactions, for example, swelling of the lining of the nose, sneezing, and itchy eyes. Histamine is released from histamine-storing cells (mast cells) and then attaches to other cells that have receptors for histamine. The attachment of the histamine to the receptors causes the cells to be "activated," releasing other chemicals that produce the effects that we associate with allergy, for example, sneezing. This drug blocks one type of receptor for histamine (the H1 receptor) and thus prevents activation of H1 receptor-containing cells by histamine. Unlike the first generation antihistamines, cetirizine and other second-generation antihistamines do not readily enter the brain from the blood, and, therefore, they cause less drowsiness. It may cause more drowsiness than other second generation antihistamines. The FDA approved cetirizine.

SIDE EFFECTS :

Sleepiness occurs in 14% of patients. Dry mouth, nausea, headache, fatigue, anxiety and sore throat are infrequently reported with cetirizine. Allergic reactions, seizures, fainting, and low blood pressure occur rarely.

Call your doctor at once if you have a serious side effect such as:

• fast, pounding, or uneven heartbeat;


• weakness, tremors (uncontrolled shaking), or sleep problems (insomnia);


• severe restless feeling, hyperactivity;


• confusion;


• problems with vision; or


• Urinating less than usual or not at all.

STORAGE :

It should be stored in a dry place at 15-300 C (59- 86 F). Protect from heat, light and moisture. Keep away from reach of children.

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