If you’re an avid nature enthusiast drawn to the allure of forests, a word of caution is in order: beware of tick-borne Disease. Ticks seem innocuous creatures but can wield a hidden danger that transcends their small size. Even in the wake of the pandemic, as we navigate the aftermath of COVID-19, a persistent threat lingers – that of various infections perpetuated by these unassuming parasites.

A recent spotlight has illuminated the emergence of ‘tick-borne infections’ in India. Initially resembling a mosquito’s sting, these bites can escalate into serious complications, even culminating in conditions as complex as arthritis. At the forefront of these afflictions is the ominous ‘Lyme disease bacteria,’ an insidious agent that can lead to debilitating consequences if left unchecked. Furthermore, the spectre of ‘ehrlichiosis’ raises its head stemming from tick-borne diseases.

In need of assistance or guidance in this realm, look no further than Bansal Hospital Bhopal; they stand ready to extend a helping hand. In light of these challenges, the need for awareness and vigilance becomes paramount, so read till the end.

Table Of Contents:

1. What Are Ticks And Tick-Borne Diseases?
2. Different Types Of Tick-Borne Diseases
3. How Is Tick-Borne Disease Transmitted?
4. Tick-Borne Disease Symptoms
5. Tick-Borne Disease Treatment
6. When To Visit A Doctor?
7. The Final Say
8. FAQs

What Are Ticks And Ticks-Borne Diseases?

Ticks are parasites that prefer to attach to animals, and humans burrow beneath the skin to feed on blood for extended periods of time. Ticks, small spider-like creatures, prefer to live in wooded or bushy areas, nestled among tall grass, rocks, logs, and fallen leaves. Out of all the types of Ticks, only six of them bite humans and occasionally transmit germs like bacteria or viruses that can cause disease.

Tick Borne Disease (TBD) Definition states that it is a zoonotic disorder (an infectious disease transmitted between animals and humans) caused by the bite of an infected tick. Note that Lyme disease, Babesiosis, Powassan (POW), Rocky Mountain spotted fever, and Tularemia, Anaplasmosis, Ehrlichiosis are all part of this category.

Also, some tick species have the alarming ability to transmit infections to humans, which has a direct significant impact on human health. The risk of infection increases when these ticks become carriers of bacteria, viruses, or parasites, which they can then transmit to a human host through a bite, potentially leading to infection. 

Also Read: What Is The Normal Body Temperature Range? Know Here!

Different Types Of Ticks-Borne Diseases

Discover a variety of ticks-borne diseases:

1. Lyme disease

It is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and is a serious bacterial threat to both humans and animals. It is the most common tick-borne disease in the world, and its prevalence is increasing in India. Notably, a related bacterium, Borrelia mayonii, was linked to Lyme disease in 2013.

2. Anaplasmosis

It is a bacterial infection spread by black-legged ticks (deer ticks). It is also known as human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE). While less common than Lyme disease, it is significant because it is transmitted by the same vectors.

3. Babesiosis

It’s a rare protozoan infection; in up to 20% of patients, it can co-occur with Lyme disease.

4. Ehrlichiosis

It is a rare case reported since 2009, but a widespread disease caused by Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Ehrlichia muris species eauclairensis.

5. Powassan Virus Infection

Powassan virus, since its discovery in 2008, which emerged from tick-borne flaviviruses, has been identified primarily in the upper and northeastern regions.

6. Borrelia Miyamotoi Infection

Borrelia miyamotoi, a tick-borne relapsing fever-like pathogen, was discovered in 2011. Human cases are still rare despite their distant relationship with the Lyme disease-causing bacteria.

7. Borrelia Mayonii Infection

Borrelia mayonii, which is similar to Lyme disease, has been isolated in patients exposed to black-legged ticks.

8. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (RMSF)- 

While RMSF is uncommon, isolated cases have been reported. American dog ticks cause the transmission of this illness.

9. Tularemia

It is a sporadic illness caused by Francisella tularensis and transmitted by American dog ticks, biting flies, or infected animals.

Also Read: Lyme disease: A guide to diagnosis and treatment

How Is Tick-Borne Disease Transmitted?

Ticks get their food from a variety of sources, including small wild rodents, deer, pets, and even humans. When a tick becomes infected and continues to feed on different hosts, bacteria, viruses, or parasites can be transmitted. Ticks that live in dense vegetation and tall grasses come into contact with humans as we move through these areas. As a result, ticks may climb up sleeves and attach themselves to the skin, frequently targeting warmer areas beneath the hair.

• Lyme disease, Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis are all transmitted by deer ticks (Ixodes scapularis).
• Ehrlichiosis is spread by the Lone Star tick (Amblyomma americanum).
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever is transmitted by American Dog Ticks (Dercacentor variabilis) and Rocky Mountain Wood Ticks (Dermacentor andersoni).

The most common tick-borne diseases are Lyme disease, Anaplasmosis, and Babesiosis. In addition, Powassan virus cases have increased in the Northeast in recent years. These disease-carrying ticks are found all over the world, including India. Tick bites are most common in the spring, summer and autumn. Ticks can, however, be active and looking for a host during the winter if temperatures stay above freezing.

Also Read: What Is The Normal Body Temperature Range? Know Here!

Tick-Borne Disease Symptoms

Common manifestations of tick-related illnesses encompass:

1. Fever/Chills

People infected with tick-borne diseases frequently experience varying degrees of fever that strike at different times.

2. Aches and Pains-

Symptoms include headaches, fatigue, and muscle aches. Lyme disease may also cause general pain. The severity and onset of an illness are determined by the specific ailment and an individual’s tolerance levels.

3. Rash

Lyme disease, southern tick-associated rash illness (STARI), Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), ehrlichiosis, and tularemia can all cause distinct rashes.

Tick-borne diseases range from mild symptoms that can be treated at home to severe infections that require hospitalisation. While antibiotics provide effective treatment, physicians face difficulties in diagnosing these conditions. Early detection and treatment reduce the likelihood of serious complications. In case of an emergency, call the Bansal Hospital at +91-0755-4086000 or +91-0755-4086099 directly.

Also Read: Promoting Healthy Ageing: Geriatric Care And Age-Related Health Challenges

Treatment For Tick-Borne Disease

The majority of tick-borne diseases are treated with antibiotics. Based on your condition, your healthcare provider will select the appropriate medicine and duration of treatment.

To treat tick-borne illnesses, antibiotics such as doxycycline or amoxicillin are frequently used. The stage of the infection determines the length of treatment. The rapid intervention leads to a faster and more comprehensive recovery.

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When To See A Doctor?

As seen, Tick-borne disease patients frequently do not recall a tick bite, and symptoms can overlap with other conditions. Consult your nearby healthcare provider if you do experience any of tick-borne disease symptoms as rapid diagnosis and treatment can result in better outcomes.

Moreover, if you are aware of a tick bite or any potential tick exposure, keep an eye out for stated symptoms. If they appear, seek immediate medical help from your nearby or trusted doctor.

The Final Say

Lyme disease bacteria and ehrlichiosis continue to be formidable adversaries, their potency heightened by the environment in which they thrive. As a result, staying informed and taking proactive steps is critical.

Note that precautions are your armour against these insignificant but potentially dangerous creatures. If you experience symptoms after a tick bite, don’t hesitate to consult your doctor. Remember the dependable medical expertise at Bansal Hospital Bhopal in times of uncertainty or for any medical guidance, always ready to address your concerns.

FAQs

1. When Do Tick-Borne Disease Symptoms Appear?

The first symptoms of Lyme disease usually appear 3 to 30 days after being bitten by an infected tick.

2. How Long Does Tick Disease Last?

Often, many tick-borne disease cases respond to a 2- to 4-week regimen of oral antibiotics, but some patients may experience lingering symptoms like pain, fatigue, or cognitive difficulties for up to six months after treatment. 

3. Which Antibiotics Are Effective Against Tick Bites?

Antibiotics such as doxycycline (Monodox, Doryx, Vibramycin, Oracea), amoxicillin (Amoxil), and cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef) are leading the charge in the treatment of Lyme disease.

4. Do Tick Bites Heal Quickly?

Applying an ice pack for 15 to 20 minutes hourly with a thin cloth barrier helps relieve pain. Over-the-counter medications can alleviate itching, redness, swelling, and pain while also promoting safe healing.

About Bansal Hospital

Bansal Hospital is a multispeciality hospital and is one of the leading, reputable and reliable healthcare providers trusted by patients and their families across the region. It has all the major departments, including cardiology, neurology, oncology, orthopaedics, gastroenterology, urology, liver transplant, bone marrow transplantation, nephrology, gynaecology and more. The hospital is equipped with state-of-the-art facilities and technology and has a team of highly qualified and experienced doctors and medical staff who provide round-the-clock care to the patient.

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