After skin cancer, prostate cancer is the most common cancer among men. If diagnosed during the early stage, it can often be treated successfully. You can find all about this cancer, including symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment. If you have prostate cancer or know someone who does, being well-informed about the disease can help you cope. (Source & Reference)

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About Prostate Cancer  

Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland start to grow abnormally. The prostate is a walnut-shaped small gland in males that produces semen fluid and transports sperm.

Most prostate cancers grow very slowly and are restricted to the prostate gland; in that case, they may not cause serious harm. However, some genres of this cancer spread slowly and may require minimal to no treatment, while other types are life-threatening and can spread quickly. When detected early, it is still restricted to the prostate gland, which has the best chance for successful treatment.(Source & Reference)

Causes of Prostate Cancer

Researchers are not aware of what precisely causes this type of cancer. But they have discovered some risk factors and are trying to understand how these factors might cause prostate cells to become cancerous. On a primary level, prostate cancers are caused by any transformation in the DNA of a normal prostate cell. We generally look like our parents because they are the source of our DNA. But DNA can affect more than just our looks. DNA mutations or other changes can cause cancer. DNA changes can be inherited from a parent or acquired during a person’s lifetime. Changes in oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes can lead to cells growing out of control. (Source & Reference)

Risk Factors

Researchers have discovered several factors that might increase a man’s risk of getting prostate cancer.

Age

The chances of having this cancer rise rapidly after age 50. According to social surveys, almost 11 in 20 cases of prostate cancer are found in men older than 65.

Race/ethnicity

Specific reasons are not determined yet; Black people have a much greater risk of prostate cancers than people of other ethnicities. In Black people, prostate cancer is more likely to be life-threatening and aggressive.

Family history

If a parent, sibling, or child has been diagnosed with prostate cancer, your risk may be higher. Also, if you have a powerful family history of breast cancer, your chance of getting prostate cancers may be higher.

Diet

Men who consume high amounts of dairy products daily appear to have a slightly higher chance of getting prostate cancer.

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Obesity

Some studies have suggested that highly overweight men have a lower risk of getting a slower-growing disease but a higher risk of getting a more aggressive disease like prostate cancer. The reasons for this are not clear. (Source & Reference)

Symptoms

Prostate cancers signs and symptoms may include:

• The weak or interrupted flow of urine.
• Difficulty starting urination.
• Pain or burning during urination.
• Blood in the urine or semen.
• Urinating often, especially at night.
• Pain in the back, hips, or pelvis that doesn’t go away.
• Trouble emptying the bladder completely.
• Painful ejaculation.
• (Source & Reference)

Diagnosis

List of screening that can be done for suspected prostate cancers –

• Medical history and physical exam
• PSA blood test
• Prostate biopsy
• Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
• Bone scan
• Positron emission tomography (PET) scan
• Computed tomography (CT) scan
• Lymph node biopsy (Source & Reference)

Prevention

• Body weight, physical activity, and diet
• Vitamin, mineral, and other supplements

• Vitamin E and selenium
• Soy and isoflavones
• Medicines
  • 5-alpha reductase inhibitors
  • Aspirin (Source & Reference)

 Facts 

Diagnosed cases of prostate cancer in India for 2010 and 2015 were estimated at 26,120 and 28,079. Prostate cancer in Indian men is constantly and rapidly increasing, and the cancer projection data shows that the number of cases will be doubled in the coming years.
(Source & Reference)

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