In a world continually threatened by emerging infectious diseases, one Virus that has garnered attention in recent years is the Nipah Virus. Nipah virus, often referred to simply as nipah, is a zoonotic virus that can cause severe illness in both animals and humans. First identified in Malaysia in 1999, Nipah has since led to several outbreaks in South and Southeast Asia, sparking global concern.

Recently the Nipah virus has been making headlines everywhere. Especially in Kerala the cases have been on a rise. With the numbers daily increasing the right awareness is needed to prevent the nipah virus transmission. 

What is meant by nipah virus?

Nipah virus (NiV) is a zoonotic virus that spreads from animals to people. Pigs and other animals, such as goats, horses, dogs, or cats, can also transmit it. It is mostly spread by fruit bats, often known as flying foxes.

How does nipah virus spread?

The virus spreads when:

• The bodily fluids (blood, excrement, pee, or saliva) of an infected animal come into touch with people or other animals.
• Foods contaminated by the virus infected animals are consumed by people.
• When caring for patients, people regularly come into touch with those who are infected with the nipah virus.

What are the typical nipah virus symptoms and signs?

Few of the initial signs of nipah virus include:

• Difficulty in breathing
• Fever 
• Headache 
• Vomiting 
• Diarrhea 
• Sore throat 
• Cough 
• Severe weakness 
• Muscle pain 

Advanced symptoms of nipah virus include:

• Coma 
• Slurred speech
• Respiratory distress
• Confused state of breath

Within four to 14 days of viral exposure, nipah virus symptoms usually appear. It’s typical to first get a fever or headache before subsequently experiencing respiratory issues like a cough and breathing difficulties.

Is nipah virus contagious?

The nipah virus spreads easily. Blood, stool, urine, and body fluids like saliva can all spread the disease. This means that you could catch the nipah virus from someone you are caring for if they cough or sneeze. In case you suspect a nipah virus infection, reach out to a general medicine hospital in Coimbatore to get immediate treatment.

Who is at high risk for nipah virus?

Agricultural Workers: 

People involved in farming and agriculture, particularly in regions where nipah outbreaks have occurred, are at a high risk of exposure to the virus. This risk arises from close contact with domestic animals like pigs and the consumption of raw date palm sap, which can be contaminated with the virus if fruit bats have accessed the sap collection pots.

Close Contacts of Infected Individuals: 

Healthcare professionals, family members, and carers of affected persons are at danger of catching the virus if proper infection control procedures are not followed because the nipah virus can be passed from person to person.

People in close contact with bats:

While not everyone living near fruit bat colonies will contract nipah virus, individuals who regularly come into close contact with these bats may be at higher risk. This includes people living in areas with large bat populations, as well as researchers and wildlife conservationists who work closely with bats.

Children and the Elderly: 

Like many infectious diseases, nipah can affect individuals of all ages. However, children and the elderly are often more vulnerable due to weaker immune systems. Special care should be taken to protect these age groups during outbreaks.

People with Pre-existing Health Conditions: 

Individuals with underlying health conditions, such as diabetes, may be at a higher risk of severe nipah virus infection if they become infected. Maintaining good overall health and managing chronic conditions is important for reducing this risk.

What are the prevention and control measures for nipah virus?

Nipah virus prevention involves a combination of public health measures and individual actions:

Public Awareness and Education: 

Raising awareness about the virus, its modes of transmission, and the importance of avoiding contact with potentially infected animals or contaminated food and drink is crucial.

Proper Hygiene: 

Practicing good hygiene, including frequent handwashing with soap and water, can help reduce the risk of infection. Hand sanitizers with at least 60% alcohol can be used when soap and water are not available.

Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE): 

Healthcare workers and individuals in close contact with nipah patients should use appropriate PPE, including masks, gloves, gowns, and eye protection, to prevent the spread of the virus.

Avoiding Contact with Sick Animals: 

Farmers and agricultural workers should be cautious when handling sick animals and should report any unusual animal deaths to authorities.

Can nipah virus infection spread through air?

Yes, respiratory droplets do help the virus spread. This implies that when a person coughs or sneezes, it might spread via the air.

When should you visit a doctor?

If you develop signs of the nipah virus, seek medical attention right away, especially if you recently came in contact with a person or animal who had the illness or if you recently traveled to nipah virus outbreak cities.

Important Takeaway:

The nipah virus is a potentially fatal disease that primarily affects pigs and bats. Avoiding sick animals, especially in locations where outbreaks are frequent, is the best approach to prevent it. You should also stay away from those who have the virus because it is contagious, unless you are taking the necessary measures and utilizing infection control techniques. Reach out to a top general medicine specialist in Coimbatore if you notice any signs of nipah virus infection.

The post Identifying Nipah Virus : Who Is Most at Risk for Nipah Virus? appeared first on sriramakrishnahospital.