PEPTIDE YY AND PANCREATIC POLYPEPTIDE
Many patients with major depression refer a decreased appetite and weight loss among their symptoms. Peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin belong to the family of peptides of the gut-brain axis implicated in the regulation of appetite and energy metabolism. PYY stimulates a powerful central satiety response and ghrelin increases food intake and weight gain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also contributes to the central control of food intake as an anorexigenic factor.
The NPY system protects against distinct behavioural disturbances caused by peripheral immune challenge, ameliorating the acute sickness response and preventing long-term depression.
In addition, pancreatic polypeptide PP and PYY signal to the brain to attenuate food intake, anxiety and depression-related behaviour.
ENKEPHALIN
According to current research, this hormone causes presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition in two pain-transmitting fibers: group C and group A. Like drug drugs, encephalin decreases the sodium permeability of the brain and prevents the activity of neurons.
This creates a long-term change in the metabolism of our cells. It does this as follows:
- It changes the activation and deactivation forms of some genes in the nucleus of the cell.
- It affects the amount of inhibitors or stimulants.
Effects on the central nervous system
This hormone also affects the central nervous system in several ways:
Painkiller.
Euphoria.
Myosis.
Prevent cough reflex.
Nausea and vomiting.
Palpitations (if at high doses).
Many patients with major depression refer a decreased appetite and weight loss among their symptoms. Peptide YY (PYY) and ghrelin belong to the family of peptides of the gut-brain axis implicated in the regulation of appetite and energy metabolism. PYY stimulates a powerful central satiety response and ghrelin increases food intake and weight gain. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) also contributes to the central control of food intake as an anorexigenic factor.
The NPY system protects against distinct behavioural disturbances caused by peripheral immune challenge, ameliorating the acute sickness response and preventing long-term depression.
In addition, pancreatic polypeptide PP and PYY signal to the brain to attenuate food intake, anxiety and depression-related behaviour.
ENKEPHALIN
According to current research, this hormone causes presynaptic and postsynaptic inhibition in two pain-transmitting fibers: group C and group A. Like drug drugs, encephalin decreases the sodium permeability of the brain and prevents the activity of neurons.
This creates a long-term change in the metabolism of our cells. It does this as follows:
- It changes the activation and deactivation forms of some genes in the nucleus of the cell.
- It affects the amount of inhibitors or stimulants.
Effects on the central nervous system
This hormone also affects the central nervous system in several ways:
Painkiller.
Euphoria.
Myosis.
Prevent cough reflex.
Nausea and vomiting.
Palpitations (if at high doses).
