NEUROMEDIN B (NMB)

 In mammals, neuromedin B (NMB) is a member of the bombesin-like peptide family, which has been shown to reduce food intake when administered systemically.

                                                 
BRADYKININ

Bradykinin;

- is a vasodilator

- causes contraction of smooth muscles

- increases the permeability of the vessels

- is pain forming

- is blood pressure lowering

- is the cause of the hacking dry cough










CALCITONIN

 

Calcitonin pathway

 Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by the thyroid gland and produced by body cells. Calcitonin reduces the concentration of blood calcium levels when it rises above the normal level. In fact, it is exactly effective on the bones. Its main task is to lower the level of calcium in the blood. Calcitonin has many domains, such as slowing bone resorption.

What are the duties of calcitonin?

   It opposes the effects of parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps to increase blood calcium levels.
   It lowers blood calcium levels by suppressing osteoclast activity in the bones and increasing the amount of calcium excreted in the urine.
   In addition to increasing the calcium absorbed by the kidney, it also prevents the absorption of calcium from the intestine.
   It provides the normal level of salt, calcium and phosphorus in the blood.
   It helps the bones to become harder and harder.
   It prevents bone loss.
   It ensures that hormones such as T3, T4 work properly.
 
Causes of high calcitonin;

- Some types of lung cancer
- Pregnancy
- Chronic renal failure
- Impaired bone marrow diseases such as myeloproliferative diseases
- The onset of pancreatic tumor
- Tumor that starts somewhere between the stomach and intestine and usually occurs in the digestive tract
- Tumor known as Zollinger ellison syndrome, located in the pancreas and duodenum
- Various thyroid diseases
- Small or large cell lung cancer
- Breast and prostate cancer
- Mastocytosis tumors, which means that the mast cells grow suddenly and appear in one or more organs
- Tumors occurring in the gastrointestinal tract, consisting of the mouth, esophagus, stomach and intestines
- Medullary thyroid, a type of tumor originating from parafollicular C cells
- Failure to build enough red blood cells caused by B12 deficiency (pernicious anemia)
- In cirrhosis caused by alcohol
- Inflammation of the pancreas
- Inflammation of the thyroid gland
- Pseudohypoparathyroidism disorder with symptoms such as short stature, brachial motility, obesity, mental retardation, round face appearance, subcutaneous calcification
- Apud cell tumor
- Tumors leaping into the liver
- Rare benign lung tumor
- Leukemia

It is also high in pregnancy and newborn babies.

How is calcitonin elevated treated?

   If you suspect high calcitonin, you should go to an internal medicine specialist. Your calcitonin height will be determined by the tests that your doctor will give you.