Strong Ammonia Solution occurs as a clear, colorless liquid having an exceedingly pungent, characteristic odor. The PhEur 6.0 states that concentrated ammonia solution contains not less than 25.0% and not more than 30.0% w/w of ammonia (NH3). The USP32– NF27 states that strong ammonia solution contains not less than 27.0% and not more than 31.0% w/w of ammonia (NH3).
Nonproprietary Names
BP: Strong Ammonia Solution
PhEur: Ammonia Solution, Concentrated
USP-NF: Strong Ammonia Solution
Synonyms
Ammoniaca; ammoniacum; ammoniae solution concentrata; aqua ammonia; concentrated ammonia solution; spirit of hartshorn; stronger ammonia water.
Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number
Ammonia [7664-41-7]
Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight
NH3 17.03
Functional Category
Alkalizing agent.
Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or Technology
Ammonia solution is typically not used undiluted in pharmaceutical applications. Generally, it is used as a buffering agent or to adjust the pH of solutions. Most commonly, ammonia solution (the concentrated form) is used to produce more dilute ammonia solutions. Therapeutically, dilute ammonia solution is used as a reflex stimulant in ‘smelling salts’, as a rubefacient, and as a counterirritant to neutralize insect bites or stings.
Typical Properties
Solubility Miscible with ethanol (95%) and water.
Specific gravity 0.892–0.910
Method of Manufacture
Ammonia is obtained commercially chiefly by synthesis from its constituent elements, nitrogen and hydrogen, which are combined under high pressure and temperature in the presence of a catalyst.
Ammonia solution is produced by dissolving ammonia gas in water.
