General information about piston pumps
Piston pump could be a type of pumping units wherever a displacer forces the liquid out of static operating chambers. A Piston pump operating chamber is closed space consecutive communicating with pump inlet/outlet.
Piston Pumps energize the pumped fluid transforming it from mechanical motor power, that's this pump kind energizes the pumped-up medium sanctioning it to overcome resistance, inertia and static height in the pipelines.
There are numerous piston pump classifications displaying construction options of piston pumps, their performance peculiarities, compatible operational liquid, operating device speed rate and produced operational pressure.
Piston pumps Selection and types
Piston pumps will have each hand and mechanical drive. Pumps with the mechanical drive will be of two types:
- Direct acting pumps with the reciprocating motion of the piston by means that of the pump rod directly from the piston of a non-crank steam engine that is an ingrate system with the pumping unit.
- Driven pumps with the piston actuated by a crank and connecting rod assembly from the motor organized separately and connected to the pump via transmission;.
By the sort of a working device displacing the liquid, piston pumps can be of:
- Piston type
- plunger type
Membrane is used to pump liquids containing varied admixtures, with chemicals aggressive liquids, mortars. The membrane can be activated by a simple lever. working chamber is equipped with two pipes, one is suction, the opposite is discharged. The rod moves reciprocating and connects with the membrane. Membrane pumps are used as a region of automobile engines as fuel pumps.
By course of action, piston pumps will be:
Single action piston pumps;
Double action piston pumps. These pumps pump liquid more uniformly compared to pumps of single and of differential actions because it is provided with two working chambers placed on either side of a cylinder wherever discharge and suction valves are installed. as a result of this, the piston forces the liquid twice whereas the crankshaft makes one turn. dome connected with the pipe reduces the pumped liquid pulsation significantly;
Differential piston pumps.
These are bi-directional pumps with two operating chambers: one chamber has no valves, the different chamber includes a suction valve and a service valve. Pump liquid is discharged by the pump twice for every shaft rotation; as a result, liquid delivery becomes significantly uniform.
Piston pumps are classified by cylinder position (horizontal and vertical) and by the range of cylinders (pumps with one, two, three or additional cylinders).
This type of pumps is applied to move cold water (common pumps), hot water (hot pump), to method acidic substances (acid pumps) or mud solutions (mud pumps), etc.
By the operational pressure level, pumps are classified into those manufacturing high, moderate and low pressure.
By the main element movement style, piston pumps are classified as direct-acting pumps and power pumps. In direct-acting pumps, the most element movements are reciprocating; in power pumps (e.g. cam-driven pumps), the main component rotates.
Piston pumps: basic parts and component
Piston pumps comprise one of the types of volumetric units, with displacers used to push liquid from static operating chambers. the essential parts of a piston pump are the operating chamber and a displacer. For volumetric pumping instrumentation, the operating chamber is the enclosed space alternately connected with the pumping plant inlet and outlet. The displacer is an operational element that displaces substance from the unit’s operating chambers.
Piston pumps: principle
In single-action piston pumps, the rod connects the displacer with the crank gear; as a result, the displacer reciprocates within the cylinder. when the piston travels right, the vacuum is produced within the operating chamber. As a result, the operational liquid is suctioned by the valve through the pipeline into the chamber. once the piston travels back, the discharge valve is open and therefore the suction valve is closed. As a result, a liquid is injected into the discharge pipeline. to extend the efficiency of piston pumps, they're usually made as double, triple pumps, etc. the single shaft is used in these pumps to activate pistons.
Piston pumps: advantages
The advantages of piston pumps, as compared with other types of pumping plants, are as follows:
- the liquid discharge doesn't depend on the head; as a result, these pumps are applicable as metering pumps;
- comparatively high efficiency
- low speed.
Liquid delivery provided by piston pumps isn't uniform, and the dimensions of those pumps are quite large. Their design is complex; but, they're capable of producing high heads. Piston pumps are used for operation with clean liquids, as a result of these pumps have valves. Admixtures in the operational liquid may result in pump failure.
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