Black-Eyed Susans- Rudbeckia hirta

Not to be confused with so-called "Black-Eyed Susan Vines," true Black-Eyed Susans are perennial wildflowers native to North America and found across the United States and Canada. The name, however, was likely bestowed upon them by English colonists, who called them after after the heroine of a poem by Englishman John Gay. Reaching up to three feet in height and forming clumps twelve to eighteen inches across, slender stems support daisy-like flowers. These range in color from yellow or orange to coppery red, and in size from two to three inches across. The centers of these blooms, despite the plant's name, are actually dark brown and may have purplish tones as well. In southern areas, these flowers will bloom from early spring until fall, though most parts of North America will see blooms from June to October. These flowers prefer full sun, though they will tolerate partial shade as long as they do receive some direct sunlight each day. They can also tolerate most soils, but prefer moist, well-drained soil with plenty of organic matter. Applying compost to areas where these wildflowers will be planted will result in profuse blooming. In landscaping, they are a low-maintenance option for borders and containers as well as naturalized meadow areas. They attract butterflies and other pollinators, making them an added benefit near fruiting plants, whether edible or ornamental. Because these plants continually grow and spread, dividing clumps every three to four years keeps them healthy and blooming. This is best accomplished in the late fall when the plants have finished blooming, or in the early spring while they're still dormant. The only other maintenance required is regular deadheading to prolong blooming and simple winterization. After the leaves and stems die back in the fall, cut them to four inches above the ground and mulch. In the spring, rake away excess mulch and enjoy.