ACTIVITIES OF FULANI HERDSMEN AND ITS IMPLICATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
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ACTIVITIES OF FULANI HERDSMEN AND ITS IMPLICATION ON COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
CHAPITER 1
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND OF THE RESEARCH
The Fulani are the largest ethnic group in the Sahel, numbering 20 to 30 million. In the past, the Fulani were semi-nomadic cattle herders who travelled great distances along grazing routes in search of food for their herds.Considered to be the largest ethnic group in the Sahel, the Fulani are In Nigeria,
the Fulani are mostly concentrated in the north. However, a combination of political insecurity and drought is driving them further south, where they are clashing with local farming communities. Recent years have seen a sharp increase in hostilities between farmers and herdsmen.
The conflict “has increasingly ethnic (Fulani vs. other Nigerian ethnicities), religious (Muslim herders vs. Christian south), and cultural (nomadic vs. sedentary) dimensions,” according to Dr. Roudabeh Kishi, director of the Armed Conflict Location and Event Data Project (ACLED),
which monitors and maps conflict.According to ACLED data, between January and April of this year, 217 civilian deaths were attributable to Fulani ethnic militias, with March being particularly violent. In contrast, Boko Haram, one of the most dangerous terrorist organisations on the continent, murdered 78 civilians in the same time frame.‘
Fulani attacks on farmers are primarily practical rather than ideological; competition for suitable grazing land over the autumn and winter months.
Though this has historically been seen as a reoccurring seasonal problem for many of the area’s farming communities, last month’s uncharacteristic level of violence has demanded the attention of the national government and military,’ says Kishi.(2018)
Community development first became a concept during the colonial era. It consists of three major components: community participation, organization, and work. Community Development is a process in which members of a community work together to solve existing problems.
This type of collective action frequently results in the economic, social, environmental, and cultural well-being of the community. Actions for community development can be started by a single person or the entire community.
STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
Fulani herdsmen and farmers’ violent clashes have wreaked havoc on many Nigerian communities. Numerous people have lost their lives, many have been forced to flee, and a variety of property, including crops, animals, homes, cars, and other items, has been destroyed.
The fatal battles between herdsmen and crop farmers have become one of Nigeria’s most significant security challenges, ranking second only to the Boko Haram insurgency (Okoro, 2018)
. The brutal fights (attacks and counterattacks) between the two parties are how the conflict between them has taken a violent form.
1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
I. To explore if Fulani herdsmen actions impede enterprises from locating in localities
II. To learn as to if Fulani herders activities reduce the population of the communities
III. To know if residents evade from the communities during the Fulani herdsmen attacks
1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
I. Does the activities of Fulani herdsmen cause growth of communities?
II. What are the effect of Fulani herdsmen in communities?
III. Does the presence of Fulani herdsmen affect the expansion of infrastructure?
1.5 RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER STUDIES
This research’s importance lies in emphasising the impact of Fulani herders on community development, and it will be useful to other academics, intellectuals, and students who might want to organise research of a similar nature.
1.6 SCOPE OF STUDY
This study concentrate on the influence of Fulani herdsmen attack on community service,the was carried out in Esako, Edo state.
1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS
HERDSMEN: they own or keep domesticated animal herd
FULANI HERDSMEN: Nomadic or semi-nomadic Fulani people whose main occupation is raising livestock are known as herders or pastoralists.
A community is a social unit (a collection of living beings) that shares conventions, religion, values, traditions, or other aspects of identity. Communities can communicate on communication platforms to share a sense of place in a physical location (such as a country, village, town, or suburb).
DEVELOPMENT: Examples of development include growth, improvement, gradual change, or the addition of physical, economic, environmental, social, and demographic components.
The goal of development is to improve the standard of living and quality of life for the populace while also protecting the environment’s resources and creating or expanding local and regional income and employment opportunities.
Community development attempts to give individuals and groups of people the information and abilities necessary to bring about change in their societies. These abilities are often developed through the development of social groups dedicated to a common goal
IMPLICATIONS: the long-term effects of a decision or action on other things.
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