English Subject or Language
Tense काल समय
Tense
In language, tenses are a grammatical category that indicates the time when an action, event, or state occurs. It helps convey an action’s timing in relation to when one is speaking or other past, present, or future events.
Tenses are a critical component of verbs in many languages, and they provide context and clarification to sentences.
- जो है
- जो था
- जो होगा
Every Tense has been divided into four parts :
- Indefinite – ता, ती, ते
- Continuous – रहा, रही, रहे
- Perfect – चुका, चुकी, चुके
- Perfect Continuous – Time+रहा, Time+रही, Time+रहे
Make a Sentence (वाक्य बनाओ)
Sentence वाक्य बाते (talking)
- Simple
- नहीं वाले
- क्या वाले
- क्या नहीं वाले
- क्यों वाले
- क्यों नहीं वाले
We need four things to make a sentence
- Subject – कर्ता
- Helping / Auxiliary Verb – सहायक क्रिया
- Main Verb – मुख्य क्रिया
- Object – जो बचा
Rule: Sub + H.V. + M.V. + Obj.
| Present (है) | Past (था) | Future (गा) | |
| Indefinite (V1) | ता है, ती है, ते है Do / Does | ता था , ती थी , ते थे V2 ा , ी , े | गा , गी , गे Will / Shall |
| Continuous (V1 + ing) | रहा है, रही है, रहे है is/ am/ are हुआ है, हुई है, हुए है | रहा था, रही थी, रहे थे was/ were हुआ था, हुई थी, हुए थे | रहा होगा, रही होगी, रहे होंगे will be हुआ होगा, हुई होगी, हुए होंगे |
| Perfect (V3) | चुका है, चुकी है, चुके है Has/ Have ा है, ी है , े है | चुका था, चुकी थी, चुके थे Had ा था, ी थी, े थे | चुका होगा, चुकी होगी, चुके होंगे Will have ा होगा, ी होगी, े होंगे |
| Perfect Continuous (V1 + ing) | Time + रहा है, | Time + रहा था | Time + रहा होगा |
Simple Sentence (Tense)
1. मैं पानी पीता हूं।
I drink water.
2. आप अंग्रेजी बोलते हो।
You speak English.
3. में पानी पीता था।
I drank water.
4. आप अंग्रेजी बोलते थे।
You spoke English.
5. मैं पानी पीऊंगा।
I will drink water.
6. आप अंग्रेजी बोलोगे।
You will speak English.
Negative Sentence (नहीं वाले) (Tense)
1. मैं पानी नहीं पीता हूँ।
I do not drink water.
2. मैं पानी नहीं पीता था।
I did not drink water.
3. मैं पानी नहीं पीऊंगा।
I will not drink water.
Interrogative Sentence (क्या वाले) (Tense)
1. क्या मैं पानी पीता हूँ ?
Do I drink water?
2. क्या मैं पानी नहीं पीता था ?
Did I not drink water?
3. क्या मैं पानी नहीं पीऊंगा ?
Will I not drink water?
W-H Family Sentence (क्या वाले) (Tense)
- What – क्या
- Why – क्यों
- When – कब
- How – कैसे
- Where – कहाँ
- Who – कौन etc.
1. मैं पानी क्यों पीता हूँ?
Why do I drink water?
2. मैंने पानी क्यों पिया? / मैंने पानी क्यों पीता था ?
1. मैं पानी पीता हूं।
3. मैं पानी कैसे पीऊंगा?
How will I drink water?
4. मैं पानी कब पीऊंगा?
When will I drink water?
Few More Examples (Tense)
*मैं सो रहा हूँ।
*मैं सो नहीं रहा हूँ।
*क्या मैं सो रहा हूँ?
*क्या मुझे नींद नहीं आ रही?
*मैं क्यों सो रहा हूँ?
*मुझे नींद क्यों नहीं आ रही?
I am sleeping.
I am not sleeping.
Am I sleeping?
Am I not sleeping?
Why am I sleeping?
Why am I not sleeping?
*मे सो रहा था।
*मुझे नींद नहीं आ रही थी।
*क्या मैं सो रहा था?
*क्या मुझे नींद नहीं आ रही थी?
*मैं क्यों सो रहा था?
*मुझे नींद क्यों नहीं आ रही थी?
I was sleeping.
I was not sleeping.
Was I sleeping?
Was I not sleeping?
Why was I sleeping?
Why was I not sleeping?
*मैंने खाना खा लिया है।
*मैंने खाना नहीं खाया है।
*क्या मैंने खाना खा लिया?
*क्या मैंने खाना नहीं खाया?
*मैंने खाना कब खाया है?
*मैंने कब खाना नहीं खाया है?
I have Eaten food.
I have not eaten food.
Have I eaten food?
Have I not eaten food?
When have I eaten food?
When have I not eaten food?
*मैं खाना खा चुका था।
*मैंने खाना नहीं खाया था।
*क्या मैंने खाना खा लिया था?
*क्या मैंने खाना नहीं खाया था?
*मैंने खाना कब खाया था?
*मैंने कब खाना नहीं खाया था?
I had eaten food.
I had not eaten food.
Had I eaten food?
Had I not eaten food?
When had I eaten food?
When had I not eaten food?
मैंने खाना खा लिया होगा।
मैंने खाना नहीं खाया होगा।
क्या मैंने खाना खा लिया होगा?
क्या मैंने खाना नहीं खाया होगा?
मैं खाना कब खाऊंगा?
मैंने कब खाना नहीं खाया होगा?
I will have eaten food.
I will not have eaten food.
Will I have eaten food?
Will I not have eaten food?
When will I have eaten food?
When will I not have eaten food?
* में स्कूल जाता था। / में स्कूल गया।
I went to school.
* वह सो रहा है। / वह सोया हुआ हैं।
He is sleeping.
* मैंने खाना खा लिया है। / मैं खाना खा चुका हूँ
I have eaten food.
Tense is a grammatical category that indicates the time when an action, event, or state occurs. In English, there are several types of tenses, each serving a specific purpose. Here are the main types of tenses in English:
- Present Simple Tense: This tense is used to describe habitual actions, general truths, or things that are always true. For example:
- “She eats breakfast every morning.”
- “The Earth revolves around the sun.”
- Present Continuous Tense: This tense describes actions that are happening at the moment of speaking or around the current time. For example:
- “I am reading a book right now.”
- “They are playing soccer this afternoon.”
- Present Perfect Tense: This tense indicates actions or events that occurred at an unspecified time in the past but have relevance to the present. For example:
- “I have visited Paris.”
- “She has just finished her homework.”
- Past Simple Tense: This tense is used to describe completed actions or events in the past. For example:
- “He visited Paris last year.”
- “They watched a movie yesterday.”
- Past Continuous Tense: This tense describes actions that were ongoing or in progress at a specific point in the past. For example:
- “I was studying when he called.”
- “She was cooking dinner at 7 PM. yesterday.”
- Past Perfect Tense: This tense indicates that one action or event happened before another action or event in the past. For example:
- “He had already left when I arrived.”
- “She had finished her work before the meeting started.”
- Future Simple Tense: This tense is used to describe actions or events that will occur in the future. For example:
- “I will call you tomorrow.”
- “They will arrive at 8 AM.”
- Future Continuous Tense: This tense describes actions that will be ongoing at a specific point in the future. For example:
- “I will be working on the project next week.”
- “She will be traveling during the summer.”
- Future Perfect Tense: This tense indicates that one action or event will be completed before another action or event in the future. For example:
- “By the time you arrive, I will have finished my work.”
- “She will have graduated by next year.”
