October 22nd 2023

We have provided 45 MCQs on Major extra and intracellular electrolytes, Unit-3, 1st semester, PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY,B. Pharm.

We have covered following topics.

Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: Functions of major physiological ions, Electrolytes used in the replacement therapy: Sodium chloride*, Potassium Chloride, Calcium gluconate* and Oral Rehydration Salt (ORS), Physiological acid base balance

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MCQ on Major Extra and Intracellular Electrolytes

Question 1: Which of the following is a major extracellular electrolyte?

(A) Sodium
(B) Potassium
(C) Magnesium
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 2: Which of the following is a major intracellular electrolyte?

(A) Sodium
(B) Potassium
(C) Magnesium
(D) All of the above

Answer: (B) Potassium

Question 3: Which of the following is a function of sodium?

(A) Regulating fluid balance
(B) Maintaining nerve and muscle function
(C) Transporting nutrients and hormones
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 4: Which of the following is a function of potassium?

(A) Regulating fluid balance
(B) Maintaining nerve and muscle function
(C) Transporting nutrients and hormones
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 5: Which of the following is a function of calcium?

(A) Building and maintaining bones and teeth
(B) Regulating muscle contraction
(C) Blood clotting
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 6: Which of the following is a function of magnesium?

(A) Activating enzymes
(B) Regulating blood pressure
(C) Maintaining nerve and muscle function
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 7: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for hyponatremia?

(A) Sodium chloride
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)

Answer: (A) Sodium chloride

Question 8: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for hypokalemia?

(A) Sodium chloride
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)

Answer: (B) Potassium chloride

Question 9: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for hypocalcemia?

(A) Sodium chloride
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)

Answer: (C) Calcium gluconate

Question 10: Which of the following is an electrolyte used in replacement therapy for dehydration?

(A) Sodium chloride
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 11: What is the normal pH of human blood?

(A) 7.35
(B) 7.40
(C) 7.45
(D) 7.50

Answer: (B) 7.40

Question 12: Which of the following is an acid-base buffer in the blood?

(A) Bicarbonate
(B) Phosphate
(C) Proteins
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 13: What is the role of the lungs in regulating acid-base balance?

(A) The lungs remove carbon dioxide from the blood, which is an acid.
(B) The lungs add oxygen to the blood, which is a base.
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 14: What is the role of the kidneys in regulating acid-base balance?

(A) The kidneys excrete acids and bases in the urine.
(B) The kidneys reabsorb acids and bases from the urine.
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 15: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of metabolic acidosis?

(A) Rapid breathing
(B) Headache
(C) Fatigue
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 16: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of metabolic alkalosis?

(A) Slow breathing
(B) Muscle cramps
(C) Nausea and vomiting
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 17: Which of the following is a respiratory acidosis?

(A) Caused by lung disease such as asthma or pneumonia
(B) Characterized by high levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
(C) May cause symptoms such as rapid breathing and headache
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 18: Which of the following is a respiratory alkalosis?

(A) Caused by hyperventilation
(B) Characterized by low levels of carbon dioxide in the blood
(C) May cause symptoms such as dizziness and lightheadedness
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 19: Which of the following is a treatment for metabolic acidosis?

(A) Sodium bicarbonate
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)

Answer: (A) Sodium bicarbonate

Question 20: Which of the following is a treatment for metabolic alkalosis?

(A) Ammonium chloride
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)

Answer: (A) Ammonium chloride

Question 21: Which of the following is a treatment for respiratory acidosis?

(A) Oxygen therapy
(B) Mechanical ventilation
(C) Bronchodilators
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 22: Which of the following is a treatment for respiratory alkalosis?

(A) Paper bag breathing
(B) Sedatives
(C) Anxiolytics
(D) All of the above

Answer: (A) and (C)

Question 23: Which of the following is a major risk factor for electrolyte imbalances?

(A) Dehydration
(B) Vomiting
(C) Diarrhea
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 24: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of electrolyte imbalance?

(A) Muscle cramps
(B) Fatigue
(C) Nausea and vomiting
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 25: Electrolyte imbalances can be treated with oral or intravenous fluids, depending on the severity of the imbalance. Which of the following is an example of an oral electrolyte replacement solution?

(A) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Intravenous normal saline

Answer: (A) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)

Question 26: Which of the following is an example of an intravenous electrolyte replacement solution?

(A) Oral rehydration salt (ORS)
(B) Potassium chloride
(C) Calcium gluconate
(D) Intravenous normal saline

Answer: (D) Intravenous normal saline

Question 27: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with diarrhea?

(A) Hyponatremia
(B) Hypokalemia
(C) Hypercalcemia
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 28: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with vomiting?

(A) Hyponatremia
(B) Hypokalemia
(C) Hypercalcemia
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 29: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with kidney disease?

(A) Hyperkalemia
(B) Hypercalcemia
(C) Hypomagnesemia
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 30: Which of the following is a major electrolyte imbalance that can occur in people with heart disease?

(A) Hypokalemia
(B) Hypomagnesemia
(C) Hypercalcemia
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 31: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypernatremia?

(A) Confusion
(B) Seizures
(C) Coma
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 32: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypokalemia?

(A) Muscle cramps
(B) Cardiac arrhythmias
(C) Weakness and fatigue
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 33: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypercalcemia?

(A) Nausea and vomiting
(B) Constipation
(C) Kidney stones
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 34: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypomagnesemia?

(A) Muscle cramps
(B) Seizures
(C) Tetany
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 35: Which of the following is a treatment for hyponatremia?

(A) Intravenous normal saline
(B) Intravenous dextrose in water
(C) Fluid restriction
(D) All of the above

Answer: (A) Intravenous normal saline

Question 36: Which of the following is a treatment for hypokalemia?

(A) Intravenous potassium chloride
(B) Oral potassium chloride
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 37: Which of the following is a treatment for hypernatremia?

(A) Fluid restriction
(B) Intravenous dextrose in water
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 38: Which of the following is a treatment for hypercalcemia?

(A) Intravenous fluids
(B) Loop diuretics
(C) Calcitonin
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 39: Which of the following is a treatment for hypomagnesemia?

(A) Intravenous magnesium sulfate
(B) Oral magnesium supplements
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 40: It is important to maintain electrolyte balance to maintain normal cell function, muscle function, and nerve function.

(A) True
(B) False

Answer: (A) True

Question 41: Which of the following is a major risk factor for electrolyte imbalances in older adults?

(A) Multiple medications use
(B) Kidney disease
(C) Dehydration
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 42: Which of the following is a sign or symptom of electrolyte imbalance in infants and children?

(A) Irritability
(B) Poor feeding
(C) Lethargy
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 43: Which of the following is a treatment for electrolyte imbalance in athletes?

(A) Sports drinks
(B) Intravenous fluids
(C) Both (A) and (B)
(D) None of the above

Answer: (C) Both (A) and (B)

Question 44: Which of the following is a preventive measure for electrolyte imbalances?

(A) Staying hydrated
(B) Eating a healthy diet
(C) Avoiding excessive exercise
(D) All of the above

Answer: (D) All of the above

Question 45: Electrolyte imbalances can be serious and even life-threatening if not treated promptly. If you are experiencing any signs or symptoms of electrolyte imbalance, it is important to seek medical attention immediately.

(A) True
(B) False

Answer: (A) True

More MCQs

PHARMACEUTICAL INORGANIC CHEMISTRY

Unit-1
- Impurities in pharmaceutical Substances
- General Methods of Preparation MCQs
Unit-2
- Acids, Bases and Buffers MCQs
- Major Extra and Intracellular Electrolytes MCQs

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