We have provided 60 MCQs on Cardiovascular System, Unit-5, 1st semester, Human Anatomy and physiology, B. Pharm.

Which chamber of the heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs?

• A) Right atrium
• B) Left atrium
• C) Right ventricle
• D) Left ventricle

Correct Answer: B) Left atrium

What is the largest artery in the human body that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart?

• A) Aorta
• B) Pulmonary artery
• C) Coronary artery
• D) Carotid artery

Correct Answer: A) Aorta

Which type of blood vessel has the thinnest walls, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and gases with body tissues?

• A) Artery
• B) Vein
• C) Capillary
• D) Venules

Correct Answer: C) Capillary

What is the function of the sinoatrial (SA) node in the heart’s conduction system?

• A) It relays signals to the ventricles.
• B) It initiates the heartbeat and sets the heart’s rhythm.
• C) It carries oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.
• D) It regulates blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B) It initiates the heartbeat and sets the heart’s rhythm.

The cardiac cycle includes systole and diastole. During which phase does the heart contract and pump blood into the circulation?

• A) Systole
• B) Diastole
• C) Repolarization
• D) Depolarization

Correct Answer: A) Systole

What regulates heart rate and influences the strength of heart contractions, with divisions known as sympathetic and parasympathetic?

• A) Endocrine system
• B) Central nervous system
• C) Autonomic nervous system
• D) Somatic nervous system

Correct Answer: C) Autonomic nervous system

Which of the following represents the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart in one minute?

• A) Heart rate
• B) Stroke volume
• C) Cardiac output
• D) Blood pressure

Correct Answer: C) Cardiac output

What instrument is commonly used to record the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time, producing an electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)?

• A) Stethoscope
• B) Ultrasound machine
• C) Blood pressure cuff
• D) Electrocardiograph

Correct Answer: D) Electrocardiograph

What term describes a condition in which there is a persistent high blood pressure in the arteries, potentially leading to heart disease or stroke?

• A) Hypotension
• B) Arrhythmia
• C) Hypertension
• D) Bradycardia

Correct Answer: C) Hypertension

Which part of the heart’s conduction system is responsible for transmitting electrical signals from the atria to the ventricles, ensuring coordinated contractions?

• A) Atrioventricular (AV) node
• B) Sinoatrial (SA) node
• C) Bundle of His
• D) Purkinje fibers

Correct Answer: A) Atrioventricular (AV) node

The “lub-dub” sound of the heartbeat corresponds to which specific events in the cardiac cycle?

• A) Lub: Atrial contraction; Dub: Ventricular contraction
• B) Lub: Ventricular contraction; Dub: Atrial contraction
• C) Lub: Ventricular contraction; Dub: Ventricular relaxation
• D) Lub: Atrial contraction; Dub: Atrial relaxation

Correct Answer: B) Lub: Ventricular contraction; Dub: Atrial contraction

Which of the following blood vessels carries oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the heart’s left atrium?

• A) Pulmonary artery
• B) Pulmonary vein
• C) Aorta
• D) Superior vena cava

Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary vein

An electrocardiogram (ECG) typically shows several waves. Which wave represents the depolarization of the ventricles?

• A) P wave
• B) QRS complex
• C) T wave
• D) U wave

Correct Answer: B) QRS complex

Atherosclerosis is a common cardiovascular disorder. What is its primary characteristic?

• A) Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup
• B) Inflammation of the heart’s lining
• C) Abnormal heart rhythm
• D) Weakness of the heart muscle

Correct Answer: A) Hardening and narrowing of the arteries due to plaque buildup

Which of the following factors can contribute to an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases such as heart attacks and strokes?

• A) High-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels
• B) Low blood pressure
• C) Regular exercise
• D) High cholesterol levels

Correct Answer: D) High cholesterol levels

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart’s left atrium?

• A) Pulmonary artery
• B) Pulmonary vein
• C) Aorta
• D) Inferior vena cava

Correct Answer: B) Pulmonary vein

What is the primary function of arteries in the circulatory system?

• A) To carry oxygenated blood to body tissues
• B) To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
• C) To exchange nutrients with body cells
• D) To transport carbon dioxide to the lungs

Correct Answer: A) To carry oxygenated blood to body tissues

Which of the following elements of the heart’s conduction system is responsible for transmitting electrical signals to the ventricles, causing them to contract?

• A) Sinoatrial (SA) node
• B) Atrioventricular (AV) node
• C) Bundle of His
• D) Purkinje fibers

Correct Answer: D) Purkinje fibers

What is the term for the volume of blood ejected by the left ventricle of the heart in each contraction?

• A) Heart rate
• B) Stroke volume
• C) Cardiac output
• D) Blood pressure

Correct Answer: B) Stroke volume

The sound of the heart “lub-dub” is most closely associated with the closure of which heart valves?

• A) Atrioventricular (AV) valves
• B) Semilunar valves
• C) Pulmonary valve
• D) Aortic valve

Correct Answer: A) Atrioventricular (AV) valves

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for increasing heart rate and contractility in response to stress or excitement?

• A) Sympathetic nervous system
• B) Parasympathetic nervous system
• C) Central nervous system
• D) Somatic nervous system

Correct Answer: A) Sympathetic nervous system

What is the term for the highest pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts and pumps blood into the circulation?

• A) Systolic pressure
• B) Diastolic pressure
• C) Mean arterial pressure
• D) Pulse pressure

Correct Answer: A) Systolic pressure

The “QRS complex” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart’s conduction system?

• A) Atrial depolarization
• B) Ventricular depolarization
• C) Atrial repolarization
• D) Ventricular repolarization

Correct Answer: B) Ventricular depolarization

Which of the following conditions is characterized by an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the tissues, often causing swelling in the legs and ankles?

• A) Atherosclerosis
• B) Congestive heart failure
• C) Myocardial infarction
• D) Hypertension

Correct Answer: B) Congestive heart failure

The carotid arteries supply blood to which major organ in the human body?

• A) Brain
• B) Liver
• C) Kidneys
• D) Lungs

Correct Answer: A) Brain

What is the primary function of veins in the circulatory system?

• A) To carry oxygenated blood to body tissues
• B) To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart
• C) To exchange nutrients with body cells
• D) To transport carbon dioxide to the lungs

Correct Answer: B) To carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart

What is the name of the medical test that measures the electrical activity of the heart over a period of time and is commonly used to diagnose heart rhythm abnormalities?

• A) MRI scan
• B) CT scan
• C) Electroencephalogram (EEG)
• D) Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

Correct Answer: D) Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A heart attack, or myocardial infarction, is often caused by the blockage of which blood vessels that supply the heart muscle?

• A) Coronary arteries
• B) Carotid arteries
• C) Pulmonary arteries
• D) Renal arteries

Correct Answer: A) Coronary arteries

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases?

• A) Smoking
• B) High cholesterol levels
• C) Regular exercise
• D) Hypertension

Correct Answer: C) Regular exercise

The “dub” sound of the heartbeat corresponds to the closure of which heart valves?

• A) Atrioventricular (AV) valves
• B) Semilunar valves
• C) Pulmonary valve
• D) Aortic valve

Correct Answer: B) Semilunar valves

Which of the following statements about the coronary arteries is true?

• A) They carry deoxygenated blood away from the heart.
• B) They supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.
• C) They are responsible for carrying blood to the lungs.
• D) They are located in the brain.

Correct Answer: B) They supply oxygen and nutrients to the heart muscle.

What is the term for the pressure in the arteries when the heart is at rest between beats?

• A) Systolic pressure
• B) Diastolic pressure
• C) Mean arterial pressure
• D) Pulse pressure

Correct Answer: B) Diastolic pressure

The “lub-dub” sound of the heart is produced by the:

• A) Closing of the aortic valve.
• B) Opening of the pulmonary valve.
• C) Closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.
• D) Opening of the coronary arteries.

Correct Answer: C) Closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves.

Which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body, except for the lungs?

• A) Pulmonary artery
• B) Pulmonary vein
• C) Aorta
• D) Inferior vena cava

Correct Answer: C) Aorta

The “T wave” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart’s conduction system?

• A) Atrial depolarization
• B) Ventricular depolarization
• C) Atrial repolarization
• D) Ventricular repolarization

Correct Answer: D) Ventricular repolarization

Which of the following conditions is characterized by a rapid, irregular heartbeat that can lead to blood clots, stroke, or heart failure?

• A) Atherosclerosis
• B) Arrhythmia
• C) Congestive heart failure
• D) Hypertension

Correct Answer: B) Arrhythmia

The “Q wave” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) indicates:

• A) The beginning of atrial depolarization.
• B) The beginning of ventricular depolarization.
• C) The repolarization of the atria.
• D) The repolarization of the ventricles.

Correct Answer: B) The beginning of ventricular depolarization.

Which of the following is a common symptom of a heart attack?

• A) Rapid increase in blood pressure
• B) Severe headache
• C) Chest pain or discomfort
• D) Increased sense of taste

Correct Answer: C) Chest pain or discomfort

Which blood vessels are responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart?

• A) Arteries
• B) Veins
• C) Capillaries
• D) Venules

Correct Answer: B) Veins

What is the name of the large, main vein that returns deoxygenated blood to the right atrium of the heart from the upper half of the body?

• A) Pulmonary vein
• B) Superior vena cava
• C) Inferior vena cava
• D) Aorta

Correct Answer: B) Superior vena cava

What is the role of the atrioventricular (AV) node in the heart’s conduction system?

• A) To initiate the heartbeat
• B) To transmit electrical signals to the ventricles
• C) To contract the atria
• D) To carry blood to the lungs

Correct Answer: B) To transmit electrical signals to the ventricles

What is the term for the amount of blood pumped out of the left ventricle of the heart in one contraction?

• A) Heart rate
• B) Stroke volume
• C) Cardiac output
• D) Blood pressure

Correct Answer: B) Stroke volume

• A blood pressure reading of 120/80 mm Hg represents:
• A) Systolic pressure/diastolic pressure
• B) Diastolic pressure/systolic pressure
• C) Pulse rate/heart rate
• D) Systolic pressure/pulse pressure

Correct Answer: A) Systolic pressure/diastolic pressure

What is the primary function of the semilunar valves in the heart?

• A) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria
• B) To control the opening and closing of the atrioventricular (AV) valves
• C) To regulate the blood pressure in the aorta
• D) To prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles

Correct Answer: D) To prevent the backflow of blood into the ventricles

A condition known as “atherosclerosis” is primarily characterized by:

• A) The accumulation of excess oxygen in the blood.
• B) The hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.
• C) The loss of blood pressure.
• D) The presence of too many red blood cells.

Correct Answer: B) The hardening and narrowing of arteries due to plaque buildup.

What is the term for the period of relaxation and filling of the heart chambers when blood returns to the atria?

• A) Systole
• B) Diastole
• C) Conduction
• D) Fibrillation

Correct Answer: B) Diastole

The “lub-dub” sound of the heart is most pronounced when listening to which area of the chest with a stethoscope?

• A) Right atrium
• B) Left atrium
• C) Right ventricle
• D) Left ventricle

Correct Answer: D) Left ventricle

What is the term for a medical condition characterized by the inflammation and narrowing of the coronary arteries, leading to decreased blood flow to the heart muscle?

• A) Myocardial infarction
• B) Aortic dissection
• C) Angina pectoris
• D) Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Correct Answer: D) Coronary artery disease (CAD)

Which of the following components of blood is primarily responsible for carrying oxygen to body tissues?

• A) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• B) White blood cells (leukocytes)
• C) Platelets (thrombocytes)
• D) Plasma

Correct Answer: A) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)

The “P wave” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents which electrical event in the heart’s conduction system?

• A) Atrial depolarization
• B) Ventricular depolarization
• C) Atrial repolarization
• D) Ventricular repolarization

Correct Answer: A) Atrial depolarization

Which of the following conditions is often described as “high blood pressure” and can lead to an increased risk of heart disease and stroke?

• A) Hypotension
• B) Arrhythmia
• C) Hypertension
• D) Bradycardia

Correct Answer: C) Hypertension

What is the function of the atrioventricular (AV) valves in the heart?

• A) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction
• B) To regulate the opening and closing of the aortic valve
• C) To carry oxygenated blood to the lungs
• D) To initiate the heartbeat

Correct Answer: A) To prevent the backflow of blood into the atria during ventricular contraction

What is the name of the specialized group of cells in the heart that initiates electrical impulses and sets the heart’s rhythm?

• A) Sinoatrial (SA) node
• B) Atrioventricular (AV) node
• C) Bundle of His
• D) Purkinje fibers

Correct Answer: A) Sinoatrial (SA) node

Atherosclerosis often leads to the formation of plaques in the arteries. What are these plaques primarily composed of?

• A) Cholesterol, fatty deposits, and cellular waste
• B) Platelets and red blood cells
• C) Calcium deposits
• D) Oxygen and carbon dioxide

Correct Answer: A) Cholesterol, fatty deposits, and cellular waste

Which of the following structures separates the right and left sides of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood?

• A) Aorta
• B) Superior vena cava
• C) Septum
• D) Tricuspid valve

Correct Answer: C) Septum

A heart condition characterized by chest pain or discomfort due to reduced blood flow to the heart muscle is known as:

• A) Atherosclerosis
• B) Myocardial infarction
• C) Angina pectoris
• D) Arrhythmia

Correct Answer: C) Angina pectoris

Which component of the blood plays a crucial role in clotting to prevent excessive bleeding when blood vessels are damaged?

• A) Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
• B) White blood cells (leukocytes)
• C) Platelets (thrombocytes)
• D) Plasma

Correct Answer: C) Platelets (thrombocytes)

In the circulatory system, what is the function of the venules?

• A) To carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart
• B) To transport blood away from the heart to the body’s tissues
• C) To exchange nutrients and gases with body cells
• D) To carry deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart

Correct Answer: D) To carry deoxygenated blood from body tissues back to the heart

Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis?

• A) Regular exercise
• B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
• C) High levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol
• D) Decreased salt intake

Correct Answer: B) Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol

The “Q-T interval” on an electrocardiogram (ECG) represents:

• A) The time it takes for the atria to depolarize and repolarize.
• B) The time it takes for the ventricles to depolarize and repolarize.
• C) The time it takes for the aortic valve to open and close.
• D) The time it takes for the atrioventricular (AV) node to transmit signals.

Correct Answer: B) The time it takes for the ventricles to depolarize and repolarize.

More MCQs

Semester- 1

1. Human Anatomy & Physiology
   • Unit-1
     • Introduction to Human Body MCQs
     • Cellular Level of Organization MCQs
     • Tissue Level of Organization MCQs
   • Unit-2
     • Integumentary system
     • Skeletal System MCQs
     • Joints MCQs
   • Unit-3
     • Body Fluids and Blood MCQs
     • Lymphatic system MCQs
   • Unit-4
     • Peripheral Nervous System MCQs
     • Special Senses MCQs
   • Unit-5
     • Cardiovascular System MCQs

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