Reflection of light – refraction of light – total internal reflection- optical fibers -refraction at spherical surfaces – lenses – thin lens formula – lens maker’s formula – magnification – power of a lens – combination of thin lenses in contact – refraction of light through a prism Wave front and Huygen’s principle – reflection and refraction of plane wave at a plane surface- laws of reflection and refraction using Huygen’s principle – Interference – Young’s double slit experiment and expression for fringe width – Diffraction due to a single slit

-width of central maximum – Polarisation.

 Unit 8: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter & Atomic Physics

Dual nature of radiation – Photoelectric effect – Hertz and Lenard’s observations – Einstein’s photoelectric equation – particle nature of light – Matter waves – wave nature of particles – de-Broglie relation- Alpha- particle scattering experiment – Rutherford’s model of atom- Bohr model- hydrogen spectrum.

 Unit 9: Nuclear Physics

Nuclear radius, mass, binding energy, density, isotopes, mass defect -Bainbridge mass spectrometer-nuclear forces neutron discovery-artificial radio activity-radio isotopes-radio carbon dating-radiation hazards. Nuclear fission-nuclear reactor- nuclear fusion hydrogen bomb – cosmic rays elementary particles.

 Unit 10: Electronic Devices Semiconductors-doping-types                –                                                                      intrinsic semiconductor – extrinsic semiconductor- PN junction diode – biasing-diode as a Rectifier – Special purpose PN junction diodes – LED –photodiode – solar cell- transistors- transistor characteristics -logic gates-basic logic gates-NOT, OR, AND, NOR, NAND universal gates-De Morgan’s theorem .

Unit 1: Solutions

Types of solutions, expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids, solubility of gases in liquids, solid solutions, and colligative properties

– relative lowering of vapour pressure, Raoult’s law, and elevation of boiling point, depression of freezing point, osmotic pressure, and determination of molecular masses using colligative properties.

 Unit 2: Electrochemistry

Redox reactions, conductance in electrolytic solutions, specific and molar conductivity, variations of conductivity with concentration, Kohlrausch’s Law, electrolysis, Electrolytic cells and Galvanic cells, EMF of a cell, standard electrode potential, Nernst equation and its application to chemical cells, Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell, Corrosion.

 Unit 3: Chemical Kinetics

Rate of a reaction (Average and instantaneous), factors affecting rate of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst; order and molecularity of a reaction, rate law and specific rate constant, integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first order reactions), concept of collision theory (elementary and mathematical treatment), Activation energy, Arrhenius equation.

 Unit 4: Surface Chemistry Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption, factors affecting adsorptionof gases on

solids, Catalysis, colloidal state distinction between true solutions, colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multi- molecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian

movement, electrophoresis, coagulation.

Group 16 Elements: General

introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and Chemical Properties,

dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses, classification of Oxides, Ozone, Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of Sulphur: Preparation Properties and uses of Sulphur- dioxide, Sulphuric Acid: industrial process of manufacture, properties and uses; Oxoacids of Sulphur (Structures only). Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens, Preparation, properties and uses of Hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds (structures only). Group 18 Elements: General                  introduction,                   electronic configuration, Occurrence, trend in physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit 6:‘d’ and ‘f’ Block Elements

General                  introduction,                   electronic configuration, occurrence and characteristics of transition metals, general trends in properties of the first row transition metals – metallic character, ionization enthalpy, oxidation states, ionic radii, colour, catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds, alloy formation.

 Unit 7: Coordination Compounds Coordination compounds – Introduction, ligands, coordination number, colour, magnetic properties and shapes, IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds. Bonding, Werner’s theory, VBT, and CFT, structure and stereoisomerism.

 Unit 8: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation.

Haloarenes: Nature of C-X bond, substitution reactions (Directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds

only).

Alcohols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only), identification of primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols,mechanism of dehydration.

Phenols: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, acidic nature of phenol, electrophillic substitution reactions, uses of phenols. Ethers: Nomenclature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses.

Unit 10: Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids

Aldehydes and Ketones: Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, mechanism of nucleophilicaddition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses. Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties; uses

 Unit 11: Organic compounds containing Nitrogen

Amines: Nomenclature, classification, structure, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses, identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines, Diazonium salts: Preparation, chemical reactions and importance in synthetic

organic chemistry.

 Unit 12: Biomolecules

Carbohydrates – Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose), D-L configuration oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides

(starch, cellulose, glycogen); Importance of carbohydrates.Proteins -Elementary idea of – amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides, proteins, structure of proteins – primary, secondary, tertiary structure and quaternary structures

PART 3 –Mathematics (40 Questions) Unit 1: Sets, Relations and Functions

Sets and their representations, union, intersection and their algebraic properties, relations, equivalence relations, mappings, one-one, into and onto mappings, composition of mappings.

 Unit 2: Complex Numbers and Quadratic Equations

Complex numbers in the form a+ib and their representation in a plane. Quadratic equation in real and complex

number system and their solutions. Relation between roots and coefficients, nature of roots, formation of quadratic equations with given roots; symmetric

functions of roots, equations reducible to quadratic equations.

 Unit 3: Matrices, Determinants and their applications

Determinants and matrices of order two and three, minors, cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle, equality, types zero and

identity matrix, transpose, symmetric and skew Symmetric. Evaluation of determinants. Addition and multiplication of matrices, simple properties, adjoint and inverse of matrix, solution of simultaneous linear equations using determinants and matrices using inverses.

 Unit 4: Combinatorics Permutations and Combinations:

Fundamental principle of counting, permutation as an arrangement without repetitions and constraint repetitions, no circular permutations. Combination as selection, problems in P(n,r) and C(n,r), factorial, simple applications.

Theory of Equations

The relation between the roots and coefficients in an equation. Solving the equations when two or more roots of it are connected by certain relation. Equation with real coefficients, occurrence of complex roots in conjugate pairs and its consequences. Transformation of equations – Reciprocal Equations.

 Unit 6: Differential Calculus and its applications

Polynomials,           rational,                    trigonometric, logarithmic and exponential functions. Inverse  functions.                    Graphs  of        simple functions.                Limits,                    continuity, differentiation of the sum, difference, product and quotient of two functions, differentiation of trigonometric, inverse Trigonometric, logarithmic, exponential, composite and implicit functions, up to second order derivatives.

Applications of Differential Calculus: Rate of change of quantities, monotonic– increasing         and      decreasing        functions, maxima and minima of functions of one variable, tangents and normal, Rolle’s and

Lagrange’s mean value theorems. Ordinary differential equations, order and degree.

Formation of differential equations, solution of differential equations by the method of separation of variables. Solution of homogeneous and linear differential equations and those of the type dy/dx +p(x)y=q(x).

 Unit 7: Integral Calculus and its applications

Fundamental integrals involving algebraic, trigonometric, exponential and logarithmic functions. Integration by substitution, integration using trigonometric identities, properties of definite integrals. Evaluation of definite

integrals excluding application of definite integrals.

Straight Lines in Two Dimensions: Straight line – Normal form – Illustrations. Straight line – Symmetric form. Straight line

–    Reduction into various forms. Intersection of two Straight Lines. Slope of a line, parallel and perpendicular lines, intercepts of a line on the coordinate axes. Family of straight lines – Concurrent lines. Condition for Concurrent lines.

Cartesian system of rectangular coordinates in plane, distance formula, area of a triangle and condition for the collinearity of three points and section formula, Concurrent lines

–   properties

Related to a triangle. Centroid and incentre of a triangle, locus and its equation.

Circles in Two Dimensions:

Standard form of equation of a circle, general form of the equation of a circle, its radius and centre, equation of a circle in the parametric form, equation of a circle when the endpoints of a diameter are given, points of intersection of a line and a circle with the centre at the origin and condition for a line to be tangent to the circle.

Conic Sections in Two Dimensions: Sections        of     cones,                       equations  of    conic sections (parabola, ellipse and hyperbola) in standard        form.        Problems         using                      their geometrical properties.

 Unit 9: Vector Algebra

Vectors and scalars, addition of vectors, components of a vector in two dimensions and three-dimensional space, scalar and vector products, scalar and vector triple product. Application of vectors to plane geometry.

 Unit 10: Statistics and Probability distribution

Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion: Calculation of mean, median and mode of grouped and ungrouped data. Calculation of standard deviation, variance and mean deviation for grouped and ungrouped data. Probability: Probability of an event, addition and multiplication theorems of probability and their

Unit 11: Trigonometry

Trigonometry ratios, compound angles, solution of triangles, Trigonometric identities       and                equations-Inverse trigonometric functions definition range and        domain         Properties                            of triangles, including,             incentre,    circumcenter and orthocenter,          solution   of             triangles, Problems  related             to          Heights       and distances.

PART 4: BIOLOGY(40 QUESTIONS)

Unit 1: Diversity of Living World

Biodiversity,                      Importance                                            of classifications,                    Taxonomy                                            & Systematics, Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy, Binomial nomenclature, Tools for study of Taxonomy.

Five kingdom classifications: Monera, Protista, and Fungi into major groups; Lichens; Viruses and Viroids. Salient features of them.

Classification of plants into major groups – Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperm and Angiosperm – salient and distinguishing features. Angiosperms – classification up to class, characteristic features and examples. Alternation of generation in plant life cycles.

Classification of animals

– non chordate up to phyla level and chordate up to class’s level – salient and distinguishing features with an few examples of each category.

Unit 2: Structural Organization in Animals and Plants

Plant tissues: Morphology and modifications, Tissues, Anatomy and functions of different parts of flowering plants: Root, stem, leaf,

Animal tissues: Morphology, anatomy and functions of different

systems (digestive, circulatory, respiratory, nervous and reproductive) of an insect (cockroach) and of frog

Unit 3: Cell Structure and Function

Cell theory and cell as the basic unit of life, Structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell, Plant cell and animal cell. Cell envelope, cell membrane, cell wall. Cell organelles – structure and function: Endomembrane system- endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, lysosomes, vacuoles, mitochondria, ribosomes, plastids, micro bodies: Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, centrioles. Nucleus – nuclear membrane, chromatin, nucleolus.

Chemical constituents of living cells: Biomolecules – structure and function of proteins including Enzymes–types, properties, enzyme action, carbohydrates, lipid and nucleic acids.

Cell division: Cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis and their significance. 

Unit 4: Plant Physiology

Transport in plants: Movement of water, gases and nutrients, Cell to cell transport – Diffusion, active transport; Plant – water relations – Imbibition, water potential, osmosis, plasmolysis; Long distance transport of water – Absorption, apoplast, symplast, transpiration pull, root pressure and guttation; Transpiration – Opening and closing of stomata; Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients – Transport of food, phloem transport, mass flow hypothesis.

Mineral nutrition: Essential minerals, macro and micronutrients and their role, Deficiency symptoms, Mineral toxicity, Elementary idea of Hydroponics, Nitrogen – metabolism, cycle and fixation.

Photosynthesis: Significance – site of photosynthesis, pigments – Photochemical and biosynthetic phases of photosynthesis, Cyclic                             and                           non-cyclic

photophosphorylation; Chemiosmotic

Respiration: Cellular respiration – glycolysis, fermentation (anaerobic), TCA cycle and electron transport system (aerobic); Energy relations – Number of ATP molecules generated; Amphibolic pathways; Respiratory quotient.

Plant growth and development: Seed germination, Phases of plant growth

and plant growth rate, Conditions of growth, Differentiation, dedifferentiation and redifferentiation, Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell, Growth regulators: auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin, ethylene, ABA. Seed dormancy,                                                      Photoperiodism, Vernalisation.

 Unit 5: Human Physiology

Digestion and absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands, Role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones, Peristalsis, digestion, absorption and assimilation of proteins, carbohydrates and fats, Egestion; Nutritional and digestive disorders – indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhea.

Breathing and Respiration: Respiratory organs in animals, Respiratory system in humans, Mechanism of breathing and its regulation in humans– Exchange of gases, transport of gases and regulation of respiration, Respiratory volumes, Disorders related to respiration – Asthma, Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders.

Body            fluids            and                     circulation: Composition of blood, blood groups, coagulation of blood, Composition of lymph                     and        its        function,                     Human circulatory system – Structure of human heart and blood vessels, Cardiac cycle, cardiac output, ECG, Double circulation, Regulation of cardiac activity, Disorders of circulatory system – Hypertension, Coronary artery disease, Angina pectoris, Heart failure.

Modes of excretion – Ammonotelism, ureotelism, uricotelism, Human excretory system – structure and function, Urine formation, Osmoregulation, Regulation of kidney function– Renin – angiotensin, Atrial Natriuretic Factor, ADH and Diabetes insipidus, Role of other organs in excretion, Disorders – Uremia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis, Dialysis and artificial kidney, kidney transplant.

Locomotion and Movement:

Types of movement – amoeboid, ciliary, flagellar, muscular, skeletal muscle – contractile proteins and muscle contraction, Skeletal system and its functions, Joints, Disorders of muscular and skeletal system – Myasthenia gravis, Tetany, Muscular dystrophy, Arthritis, Osteoporosis, Gout.

Neural control and coordination:

Neuron and nerves, Nervous system in humans– central nervous system, peripheral nervous system and visceral nervous system. Generation, conduction and transmission of nerve impulse, Reflex action, Sensory perception, Sense organs, Elementary structure and function of eye and ear.

Chemical coordination and regulation: Endocrine glands and hormones, Human endocrine system -Hypothalamus, Pituitary, Pineal, Thyroid, Parathyroid, Thymus, Adrenal, Pancreas, Gonads. Hormones of heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. Mechanism of hormone action, Role of hormones as messengers and regulators, Hypo-and hyperactivity and related disorders: Common disorders e.g. Dwarfism, Acromegaly, Cretinism, goiter, exopthalmic goiter, diabetes, Addison’s disease.

 Unit 6: Reproduction

Reproduction in Organisms: Reproduction, a characteristic feature of all organisms for continuation of species, modes of reproduction – asexual and sexual reproduction, asexual reproduction – binary fission, sporulation, budding, gemmule formation, fragmentation, vegetative propagation in plants. Events in sexual

reproduction.

male and female gametophytes, pollination – types, agencies and examples, out breeding devices, pollen- pistil interaction, double fertilization, post fertilization events – development of endosperm and embryo, development of seed and formation of fruit, special modes apomixis, parthenocarpy, polyembryony, Significance of seed dispersal and fruit formation.

Human Reproduction: Male and female reproductive systems, microscopic anatomy of testis and ovary, gametogenesis – spermatogenesis and oogenesis, menstrual cycle, fertilization, embryo development up to blastocyst formation, implantation, pregnancy and placenta formation, parturition, lactation. Reproductive Health: Need for reproductive health and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs), birth control – need and methods, contraception and medical termination of pregnancy (MTP), amniocentesis, infertility and assisted reproductive technologies – IVF, ZIFT, GIFT, AI.

 Unit 7: Genetics and Evolution

Principles            of           Inheritance                      and Variation:                             Heredity    and                           variation, Mendelian inheritance, deviations from Mendelism – incomplete dominance, co – dominance,          multiple                             alleles        and inheritance of blood groups, pleiotropy, polygenic           inheritance,                             chromosome theory of inheritance, chromosomes and genes, Sex determination in humans, birds, grasshopper and honey bee, linkage and crossing over. Mutation, Pedigree analysis,     sex         linked                            inheritance               – haemophilia,              colour                                blindness, Mendelian disorders in humans – sickle cell                      anemia,                           Phenylketonuria, thalassemia, chromosomal disorders in humans, Down’s syndrome, Turner’s and Klinefelter’s syndromes.

Evolution: Origin of life, biological evolution and evidences for biological evolution (paleontology, comparative anatomy, embryology and molecular evidences), Lamarck’s theory, Darwin’s contribution, modern synthetic theory of evolution, mechanism of evolution – variation (mutation and recombination) and natural selection with examples, types of natural selection; Gene flow and genetic drift; Hardy – Weinberg’s principle; adaptive radiation; human evolution.

 Unit 8: Biology and Human Welfare Human Health and Diseases:

Pathogens, parasites causing human diseases (malaria, dengue, chickengunia, filariasis, ascariasis, typhoid, pneumonia, common cold, amoebiasis, ring worm) and their control, Basic concepts of immunology – vaccines, cancer, HIV and AIDS, Adolescence – drug and alcohol abuse.

Strategies for Enhancement in Food Production: Improvement in food production, Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, Biofortification, Apiculture and Animal husbandry. Microbes in Human Welfare: Microbes in food processing – In household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation and microbes as bio-control agents and biofertilizers. Antibiotics – production and judicious use.

Unit 9: Biotechnology and Its Applications Biotechnology – Principles and processes: Genetic Engineering (Recombinant DNA Technology).

Biotechnology and its Application:

Application of biotechnology in health and agriculture: genetically modified organisms

Unit 10: Ecology and Environment Organisms                   and                                         Populations: Organisms and environment: Habitat and niche, major abiotic factors, response to abiotic factors, ecological adaptations, population        interactions         –                             mutualism, competition,                                                                  predation,.Parasitism, commensalism, population attributes – growth, birth rate and death rate, age distribution.

Ecosystem: Structure and function, productivity and decomposition, energy flow, pyramids of number, biomass, energy, nutrient cycles (carbon and phosphorous), ecological succession, ecological services – carbon fixation, pollination, seed dispersal, oxygen release.

Biodiversity and its Conservation: Biodiversity – Concept, patterns, importance, loss of biodiversity, biodiversity conservation, hotspots, endangered organisms, extinction, Red Data Book, Sacred Groves, biosphere reserves, national parks, wildlife, sanctuaries and Ramsar sites.

Environmental Issues: Air pollution and its control, water pollution and its control, agrochemicals and their effects, solid waste management, radioactive waste management, greenhouse effect and climate change impact and mitigation, ozone layer depletion, deforestation, any one case study as success story addressing environmental issue(s).

Properties of numbers, Divisibility rules, Unit digit, Euclid’s algorithm, LCM and GCD

 2.   Statistics

Arithmetic mean, weighted mean, Geometric mean

3.   Percentage

Percentage change increase or decrease

 4.   Profit and Loss

Computing percentage of profit or loss and profit/loss value

 5.   Quadratic Equation

Nature of roots, Relationship between roots and coefficients, Solutions of quadratic equations.

Similar         triangles,        Lines        and                      angles, Circles and Quadrilaterals.

 7.   Arrangement

Ordering, Grading and Ranking, coding and decoding

 8.   Direction Sense test

Finding direction, distance or both

 9.   Linear Equation

Solving simultaneous equations, Test of consistency, problems on ages

 10.   Trigonometry

Values of trigonometric ratios, Identities

,Heights and distances