Basics of Arduino -Arduino Uno Pin Details

Uno details
1- usb plug :arduino board can be powered by the use of usb cable coming from PC. Using this usb connection, codes can be upload  in the arduino.
2- barrel jack arduino board also can be powered from regular power supply by manner of connecting it to the barrel jack. For power supply users, the advocated voltage for typically arduino boards is six to twelve volts. The maximum voltage to use is 20 volts.
3- voltage regulator it controls the  voltage going into the arduino board to maintain the voltage utilized by micro-controller and other additives. It will cut off the more voltage that could damage any difficulty on the board but has limitations and cannot control voltages more than 20 volts.
4- crystal oscillator it gives a clock signal to the micro-controller which allows micro-controller to calculate time. The frequency of this crystal oscillator is 16 mhz i.e. 16 million cycles iper sec.
5- reset button: it'll restart you arduino program.
6- virtual i/o pins the ones pins are either used as input pins or as output pins. Arduino uno has 14 virtual pins from zero to thirteen. Out of those 14 digital pins, 6 pins can also offer pwm (pulse width modulation) output. The pwm pins has tilde signal (~) before the pin numbers. The pwm pins at the arduino uno are three, five, Sx, nine, ten, and eleven.
The pins  zero and one are rx and tx pins and those are used to get hold of and transmit the ttl serial information.
7- ICSP (in circuit serial programming) pins: it is one of the numerous way to software arduino board. Generally, a boot-loader is used to program arduino but if it's  broken, ICSP can be used instead.
8- micro-controller heart/brain of the arduino. Micro controller is a type of ic  and it consists of processor, memory and enter/output peripherals on unmarried chip. Extraordinary arduino boards have one of a type micro controllers. The arduino uno has atmega328p micro controller.
9- analog pins those pins can read the signals from analog sensor which include ldr and convert them into digital. There are 6 analog pins on arduino form a0 to a6.
10- power pins
Vin: this pin is sometimes additionally labelled as “9v”. It can be used to power the arduino and in case you are giving power to the arduino through the barrel jack, this could be used to access voltage.
Gnd: floor pins are used to floor the circuit. There are three ground pins on the arduino uno.
5v: it components output of 5v.
3v: it supplies output of 5v.
Reset pin: you could also use this pin to restart the arduino thru connecting a button at this pin.
Ioref: this pin offers the output voltage just like the i/o of that board. In case of arduino uno, this pin offers 5v.
11- Atmega16u2 chip: this chip in arduino act as a bridge some of the pc’s usb port and the primary processor’s serial port. This enables us to add the code from pc into the arduino.
12- AREF: that is the out of doors analog reference pin and we are capable of use this to use it instead than the usual 5v reference because the upper limit for the analog enter pins. For instance, in case you have become a signal of 0-three. Three volt then you may get the general scale of adc with the aid of connecting aref to three. 3v signal.

13- Tx Rx LED: those are transmitter and receiver led’s. They can also blink every time we are capable of add software program or the arduino will get maintain of or transmit facts.

14- Power led this want to slight up whenever you may provide power to your arduino