TEXTILE INDUSTRY IN PAKISTAN

The Textile Industry is the most essential sector of Pakistan. They play a vital role in contributing to the country’s GDP. They consist of multiple items like home textiles, bath linen, kitchen textiles, and much more. There are many aspects of the textile industry in Pakistan. You should know about them so keep reading this till the end.

What is the textile industry?

This is an Industry that involves many processes like design, research, development, manufacturing, and distribution. It includes the production of cloth, yarn, fashion accessories, and much more.

They hold the most significant contribution to a country’s GDP. They not only contribute to GDP but also participate in providing employment. These are responsible for carrying out exports at a huge amount.

Textile industry in Pakistan:

The textile industry in Pakistan is the leading manufacturers and exporters. They cater to a diverse range of finished goods. Moreover, they provide to different markets across the globe.

In the world, Pakistan is in the top ten biggest cotton producers. By using cotton, they produce a diverse range of items. Like cotton fabric, ready-made garments, bedsheets, and plenty of others.

History of the textile industry:

In Pakistan, the textile industry was started in the 1950s. In Karachi, modern development began in 1953 establishing the Valika Textile Mill. In the mid-sixties, almost 180 textile units of processing, bleaching, and printing were located in Punjab and Karachi.

From 1970 to 1971, there were 2605 thousand spindles, 113 units, and 30 thousand looms. From 1980 to 1981, fast growth was seen in the spinning. Unit’s number went up to 440 during 1996-97.

Exports in 1999 were recorded as 5.2 billion dollars. It went up to 10.5 billion dollars in the year of 2007. In 2009, there was an energy crisis and deprived gas supply. From 2010 to 2011, 12.5 billion dollars in exports were made.

From 2014 to 2015, 11.625 billion dollars was recorded. Afterward from 2015 to 2016, the number dropped by 7.7 percent and was 10.395 billion dollars. In 2019, the textile industry contributed 57 percent of total exports. It provided employment opportunities to three million people.
From 2021 to 2022, the number of exports was recorded as 19.329 billion dollars. From 2022 to 2023, the textile industry of Pakistan accounted for 16.501 billion dollars from exporting textiles and apparel.

Departments of Textile Industry in Pakistan:

There are many departments and they work effectively. They are responsible for carrying out different processes. They are discussed one by one in the following section:

Spinning:

This is a process in which fibers are used and twisted together into thread or yarn. These fibers are natural fibers like cotton or synthetic fibers like polyester. The machines that are used for spinning purposes are called spinners. Their work is the same as a spinning wheel.

Many steps are involved in the spinning operation. These are blowing & mixing, carding, combining, drawing, simplex, ring frame, and cone winding. During blowing & mixing, bales of cotton are converted into constant lap of a specific length. Through opening, cleaning, and mixing.

Carding is known as spinning’s heart. After that drawing comes, silvers are mixed, doubled, equalized, and drafted. Combing is a method of aligning and parallelizing fibers. Moreover, they remove unwanted impurities along with short fibers.

Then simplex comes, and silvers are weakened and twisted a little bit. Afterward, they are given for roving purposes. The ring frame includes roving placement in ring frame. It is passed through big rollers at a fast speed and is converted into yarn.

Weaving:

This is one of the most essential sectors in the textile industry. It’s a method in which two different sets of threads or yarn are crossed. This is done to produce cloth or fabric. Cross threads are known as filling or weft. Moreover, lengthwise threads are known as wraps.

During weaving, textiles are developed by two combinations of crossed-together threads. These are woven together or beaten for production purposes. Wrap threads are connected to the loom and elongated in a single direction. These are attached to the second looms that are woven in the opposite direction to threads.

Knitting:

This is a crafting method in which two or more two loops of thread, yarn, or fiber are interlinked with needles. This is done to produce cloth or fabric in a precise manner. It’s responsible for making loops of yarn known as stitches. This is in a tube or line by utilizing a knitting egg or knitting needle.

Every stitch is of horizontal line, which results in a fabric that is of tube shape, flat square, or flat rectangle. The most unpopular technique of knitting is stockinette stitch or garter stitch. When the expert sees from the right side then for a flat fabric the stitches represent the V alphabet. For a circular tube, a U alphabet is seen.

Wet processing:

This is a department that includes de-sizing, scouring, bleaching, and others. In designing, sizing materials are removed. By utilizing alkali, fats, wax, and oil are eliminated in scouring. For the elimination, of the original color of fibers by applying bleaching.

Washing is carried out to clean textile material. Mercerizing is applied to make fabric brighter. Dyeing is used to develop fabric single uniform color. In this department, various machines like J-box, Jigger, kier boiler, and others are used.

Finishing:

Finishing is an essential component of the textile industry in Pakistan. This is the last process that adds value to the product. After knitting or weaving, special surface treatment is given to the fabric. This can be done during the manufacturing of fabric. The purpose of this process is to develop material into a more appealing one or to improve its characteristics. The fabric is properly washed, and pressed, along with stabilization.

Importance:

The textile industry in Pakistan plays an important role in the country’s GDP. Textile exports contribute more than 62% of Pakistan’s total exports. Moreover, almost 41% of employment opportunities are given to the workforce population. They are responsible for producing different textiles like knitwear, readymade garments, towels, home textiles, and much more.

Final Thoughts:

The textile industry is the backbone of the economy of Pakistan. They are responsible for earning billions of dollars in return for exports. Moreover, they provide employment to almost 40% of the human population of Pakistan. The textile industry produces bedsheets, towels, blankets, and much more.

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